University of Quebec in Montreal, 606-4760 Côte-des-Neiges, Montreal, QC, H3V1G3, Canada.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2012 Nov;11(11):1307-10. doi: 10.1586/erv.12.111.
Kamath AT, Mastelic B, Christensen D et al. Synchronization of dendritic cell activation and antigen exposure is required for the induction of Th1/Th17 responses. J. Immunol. 188(10), 4828–4837 (2012).The determinants of Th1/Th2/Th17 responses elicited by vaccine formulations are largely undefined and are an intense area of research. Most of the present licensed alum-adjuvanted subunit vaccines fail to elicit Th1/Th17 immune responses, and Th2 antibody responses are weak and often require repeated immunizations. Moreover, such responses are not sufficient for eliminating intracellular pathogens. Th1 responses have been traditionally elicited by live-attenuated, vector-based or Toll-like receptor ligand-adjuvanted formulations for optimal stimulation of the innate immune system and immunomodulation. The linkage of adjuvant and antigen (Ag) physically, and/or in a formulation, is essential to overcome systemic effects of the adjuvant and elicit Th1/Th17 responses. The role of delivery systems for codelivery of adjuvant and Ag to the same dendritic cell has gained acceptance. The milieu in which dendritic cells process and present Ag to naive CD4+ T cells determines their polarization into different subsets.
卡马提（Kamath）等人，树突状细胞激活和抗原暴露的同步化是诱导 Th1/Th17 反应所必需的。J. Immunol. 188(10), 4828–4837 (2012)。疫苗制剂引发的 Th1/Th2/Th17 反应的决定因素在很大程度上尚未确定，这是一个研究热点。目前大多数获得许可的含铝佐剂亚单位疫苗不能引发 Th1/Th17 免疫反应，而 Th2 抗体反应较弱，通常需要重复免疫。此外，这种反应不足以消除细胞内病原体。Th1 反应传统上是通过活减毒疫苗、载体疫苗或 Toll 样受体配体佐剂疫苗来引发，以最佳地刺激先天免疫系统和免疫调节。佐剂和抗原（Ag）在物理上和/或制剂上的结合对于克服佐剂的全身作用并引发 Th1/Th17 反应至关重要。佐剂和 Ag 共递送至同一树突状细胞的递送系统的作用已被接受。树突状细胞在处理和向幼稚 CD4+T 细胞呈递 Ag 时所处的环境决定了它们向不同亚群的极化。
