Morrow J, Nolen-Hoeksema S
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 Mar;58(3):519-27. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.58.3.519.
The effects of different types of responses to a depressed mood on the duration and severity of the mood were examined. On the basis of Nolen-Hoeksema's (1987) response styles theory of depression, it was hypothesized that distracting, active responses would be more effective in alleviating a depressed mood than would ruminative, passive responses. A depressed mood was induced in 35 male and 34 female Ss, and subjects were randomly assigned to engage in 1 of 4 types of responses: an active task that distracted them from their mood; a passive, distracting task; an active task designed to lead to ruminations about their mood; or a passive, ruminative task. As predicted, the greatest remediation of depressed mood was found in Ss in the distracting-active response condition, followed in order by the distracting-passive, ruminative-active, and ruminative-passive response conditions. Degree of rumination had a greater impact on remediation of depressive affect than level of activity, with greater rumination leading to lesser remediation of depressive affect. In addition, the effects of the response tasks were limited to depressed mood. The implications of these results for interventions with depressed persons are discussed.
研究了对抑郁情绪的不同类型反应对情绪持续时间和严重程度的影响。基于诺伦 - 霍克西玛（1987年）的抑郁反应风格理论，研究假设，与沉思、被动反应相比，分散注意力的主动反应在缓解抑郁情绪方面会更有效。对35名男性和34名女性被试诱发抑郁情绪，并将他们随机分配参与4种反应类型中的一种：一项使其从情绪中分心的主动任务；一项被动的、分散注意力的任务；一项旨在引发对其情绪进行沉思的主动任务；或一项被动的、沉思性的任务。正如所预测的，在分散注意力 - 主动反应条件下的被试中，抑郁情绪得到了最大程度的缓解，其次依次是分散注意力 - 被动、沉思 - 主动和沉思 - 被动反应条件。沉思程度对抑郁情绪的缓解比活动水平有更大的影响，沉思越多，抑郁情绪的缓解程度越小。此外，反应任务的效果仅限于抑郁情绪。讨论了这些结果对抑郁症患者干预措施的意义。
