Cell Biology Program, Sloan-Kettering Institute, 1275 York Ave. New York, New York 10065, USA.
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2013 Jan;14(1):25-37. doi: 10.1038/nrm3494.
In eukaryotes, chromosome segregation during cell division is facilitated by the kinetochore, a multiprotein structure that is assembled on centromeric DNA. The kinetochore attaches chromosomes to spindle microtubules, modulates the stability of these attachments and relays the microtubule-binding status to the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), a cell cycle surveillance pathway that delays chromosome segregation in response to unattached kinetochores. Recent studies are shaping current thinking on how each of these kinetochore-centred processes is achieved, and how their integration ensures faithful chromosome segregation, focusing on the essential roles of kinase-phosphatase signalling and the microtubule-binding KMN protein network.
在真核生物中，细胞分裂过程中的染色体分离是由动粒（kinetochore）介导的，动粒是一种组装在着丝粒 DNA 上的多蛋白结构。动粒将染色体连接到纺锤体微管上，调节这些连接的稳定性，并将微管结合状态传递给纺锤体组装检查点（SAC），这是一种细胞周期监测途径，可在未连接的动粒的情况下延迟染色体分离。最近的研究正在改变人们对这些以动粒为中心的过程是如何实现的以及它们的整合如何确保忠实的染色体分离的看法，重点是激酶-磷酸酶信号和微管结合的 KMN 蛋白网络的重要作用。
