Bureau of the Codex Commission, Ministry of Health, Vienna, Austria.
Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2012 Jun;82(3):223-7. doi: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000115.
In the second half of the 19(th) century the incidence of food adulterations increased very rapidly, prompting many European countries to put into force food laws to fight these practices. A number of parallel attempts were undertaken to establish a collection of instructions for the assessment of food samples to warrant the comparability of results obtained and interpreted by different experts. The first official steps towards such a standardization was made in 1891 at an international meeting of food chemists and microscopic scientists in Vienna. As a consequence, Austria installed a Scientific Commission in 1891, which drafted chapters for a future Codex Alimentarius Austriacus. In 1907, a Codex Commission was installed by the Ministry of Interior, but it took about four years, from 1907 to 1911, before the first edition of this compendium was published. So far, four editions have followed. The Codex Alimentarius Austriacus is a set of standards and guidelines for stakeholders, authorities, and law courts as a base for their activities. It has evolved over the past 100 years to become a flexible instrument, which has become indispensable for Austria. After 1945, attempts were made in different parts of the world to develop standardized rules for the testing of food samples to prevent trade barriers within the respective region. In Europe for instance, the development of a Codex Alimentarius Europaeus initiated by the Austrian Hans Frenzel, and based upon the model of the Codex Alimentarius Austriacus, made good progress. A number of other European countries were involved in this project. However, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) of the United Nations were intent on impeding such regional activities to prevent trade barriers at a global level. Between 1960 and 1963, steps were taken to install a FAO/WHO Codex partly in close cooperation with the Codex Alimentarius Europaeus. Since 1963, the FAO/WHO Codex Commission has issued the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius, which took its name and some organizational aspects from Codex Alimentarius Europaeus, that was itself modeled after the Codex Alimentarius Austriacus. The Codex Alimentarius Europaeus was incorporated into the Codex Alimentarius Commission as the regional coordinating committee for Europe, thus providing a model for the six regional coordination committees of the Codex Alimentarius Commission existing today.
19 世纪后半叶，食品掺假的发生率迅速上升，促使许多欧洲国家实施食品法来打击这些行为。许多欧洲国家同时尝试建立一套食品样本评估指南，以确保不同专家获得和解释的结果具有可比性。这种标准化的第一个官方步骤是 1891 年在维也纳举行的一次国际食品化学家和显微镜科学家会议上迈出的。因此，奥地利于 1891 年设立了一个“科学委员会”，为未来的《奥地利食品法典》起草章节。1907 年，内政部设立了一个法典委员会，但直到 1907 年至 1911 年，第一版才出版。到目前为止，已经出版了四版。《奥地利食品法典》是利益相关者、当局和法院的一套标准和准则，是他们活动的基础。它在过去的 100 年中不断发展，成为一种灵活的工具，对奥地利来说已不可或缺。1945 年后，世界不同地区都试图制定标准化的食品样本测试规则，以防止各自地区内的贸易壁垒。例如，在欧洲，奥地利的汉斯·弗伦泽尔（Hans Frenzel）发起了《欧洲食品法典》的制定工作，以《奥地利食品法典》为蓝本，取得了良好的进展。许多其他欧洲国家也参与了该项目。然而，联合国粮食及农业组织（FAO）和世界卫生组织（WHO）有意阻碍这种区域活动，以防止在全球范围内出现贸易壁垒。1960 年至 1963 年，采取了一些步骤来建立一个部分与《欧洲食品法典》密切合作的粮农组织/世卫组织《食品法典》。自 1963 年以来，粮农组织/世卫组织食品法典委员会发布了《食品法典》，该法典的名称和一些组织方面都来自《欧洲食品法典》，而《欧洲食品法典》本身则是仿照《奥地利食品法典》制定的。《欧洲食品法典》被纳入食品法典委员会，成为欧洲区域协调委员会，为当今存在的食品法典委员会六个区域协调委员会提供了一个模式。
