Tracy Sarah W
University of Oklahoma, College of Medicine, OK, USA.
Bull Hist Med. 2012 Winter;86(4):627-60. doi: 10.1353/bhm.2012.0079.
This article examines the International High Altitude Expedition of 1935 and its significance in the life and science of Ancel Keys. Both the expedition and Keys's story afford excellent opportunities to explore the growing reach of interwar physiology into extreme climates-whether built or natural. As IHAE scientists assessed human performance and adaptation to hypoxia, low barometric pressure, and cold, they not only illuminated the physiological and psychological processes of high altitude acclimatization, but they also drew borderlines between the normal and the pathological, paved the way for the neocolonial exploitation of natural and human resources in Latin America, and pioneered field methods in physiology that were adapted and adopted by the Allied Forces during the Second World War. This case study in the physiology of place reveals the power and persistence of environmental determinism within biomedicine well into the twentieth century.
本文考察了1935年的国际高海拔探险及其在安塞尔·基斯的生活与科学研究中的意义。这次探险以及基斯的经历都为探索两次世界大战之间生理学在极端气候（无论是人造的还是自然的）中的不断拓展提供了绝佳机会。当国际高海拔探险队的科学家评估人类在低氧、低气压和寒冷环境下的表现及适应性时，他们不仅阐明了高海拔适应过程中的生理和心理机制，还划定了正常与病理之间的界限，为拉丁美洲自然资源和人力资源的新殖民剥削铺平了道路，并开创了生理学领域的研究方法，这些方法在第二次世界大战期间被盟军所采用和改进。这个关于特定环境生理学的案例研究揭示了环境决定论在20世纪的生物医学中所具有的影响力和持续性。
