Department of Medical Education, Providence Portland Medical Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97213, USA.
Respir Care. 2013 Jan;58(1):18-31. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01831.
The history of oxygen from discovery to clinical application for patients with chronic lung disease represents a long and storied journey. Within a relatively short period, early investigators not only discovered oxygen but also recognized its importance to life and its role in respiration. The application of oxygen to chronic lung disease, however, took several centuries. In the modern era, physiologists pursued the chemical nature of oxygen and its physiologic interaction with cellular metabolism and gas transport. It took brazen clinicians, however, to pursue oxygen as a therapeutic resource for patients with chronic lung disease because of the concern in the 20th century of the risks of oxygen toxicity. Application of ambulatory oxygen devices allowed landmark investigations of the long-term effects of continuous oxygen that established its safety and efficacy. Although now well established for hypoxic patients, many questions remain regarding the benefits of oxygen for varying severity and types of chronic lung disease.
从发现到临床应用于慢性肺部疾病患者，氧气的历史代表了一段漫长而传奇的旅程。在相对较短的时间内，早期的研究人员不仅发现了氧气，还认识到它对生命的重要性及其在呼吸中的作用。然而，氧气在慢性肺部疾病中的应用却经历了几个世纪。在现代，生理学家研究了氧气的化学性质及其与细胞代谢和气体运输的生理相互作用。然而，正是因为 20 世纪人们担心氧气毒性的风险，所以勇敢的临床医生才将氧气作为治疗慢性肺部疾病患者的一种资源。由于可移动氧气设备的应用，使得对持续吸氧的长期效果进行里程碑式的研究成为可能，从而确立了其安全性和有效性。尽管现在已经为低氧血症患者所接受，但对于不同严重程度和类型的慢性肺部疾病，吸氧的益处仍有许多问题需要解决。
