Chen S Y, Hayes R B, Liang S R, Li Q G, Stewart P A, Blair A
Institute of Occupational Medicine, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing.
Br J Ind Med. 1990 Mar;47(3):175-81. doi: 10.1136/oem.47.3.175.
The mortality risk of iron ore (haematite) miners between 1970 and 1982 was investigated in a retrospective cohort study of workers from two mines, Longyan and Taochong, in China. The cohort was limited to men and consisted of 5406 underground miners and 1038 unexposed surface workers. Among the 490 underground miners who died, 205 (42%) died of silicosis and silicotuberculosis and 98 (20%) of cancer, including 29 cases (5.9%) of lung cancer. The study found an excess risk of non-malignant respiratory disease and of lung cancer among haematite miners. The standardised mortality ratio for lung cancer compared with nationwide male population rates was significantly raised (SMR = 3.7), especially for those miners who were first employed underground before mechanical ventilation and wet drilling were introduced (SMR = 4.8); with jobs involving heavy exposure to dust, radon, and radon daughters (SMR = 4.2); with a history of silicosis (SMR = 5.3); and with silicotuberculosis (SMR = 6.6). No excess risk of lung cancer was observed in unexposed workers (SMR = 1.2). Among current smokers, the risk of lung cancer increased with the level of exposure to dust. The mortality from all cancer, stomach, liver, and oesophageal cancer was not raised among underground miners. An excess risk of lung cancer among underground mine workers which could not be attributed solely to tobacco use was associated with working conditions underground, especially with exposure to dust and radon gas and with the presence of non-malignant respiratory disease. Because of an overlap of exposures to dust and radon daughters, the independent effects of these factors could not be evaluated.
1970年至1982年间，对中国龙岩和桃冲两座矿山的工人进行了一项回顾性队列研究，调查了铁矿石（赤铁矿）矿工的死亡风险。该队列仅限于男性，由5406名地下矿工和1038名未接触粉尘的地面工人组成。在490名死亡的地下矿工中，205人（42%）死于矽肺和矽肺结核，98人（20%）死于癌症，其中29例（5.9%）死于肺癌。研究发现，赤铁矿矿工患非恶性呼吸道疾病和肺癌的风险增加。与全国男性人口发病率相比，肺癌的标准化死亡比显著升高（SMR = 3.7），特别是对于那些在引入机械通风和湿式钻孔之前首次在地下工作的矿工（SMR = 4.8）；从事大量接触粉尘、氡和氡子体工作的矿工（SMR = 4.2）；有矽肺病史的矿工（SMR = 5.3）；以及患有矽肺结核的矿工（SMR = 6.6）。在未接触粉尘的工人中未观察到肺癌风险增加（SMR = 1.2）。在当前吸烟者中，肺癌风险随着粉尘接触水平的增加而增加。地下矿工中所有癌症、胃癌、肝癌和食管癌的死亡率并未升高。地下矿工中无法完全归因于烟草使用的肺癌额外风险与地下工作条件有关，特别是与接触粉尘和氡气以及非恶性呼吸道疾病的存在有关。由于粉尘和氡子体接触存在重叠，无法评估这些因素的独立影响。
