UMR Inserm U557; Inra U1125; Cnam; Université Paris 13 Sorbonne Paris-Cité, CRNH Ile-de-France, Bobigny, France.
PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e52311. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052311. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
Associations between alcohol consumption and cognitive function are discordant and data focusing on midlife exposure are scarce.
To estimate the association between midlife alcohol consumption and cognitive performance assessed 13 y later while accounting for comorbidities and diet.
3,088 French middle-aged adults included in the SU.VI.MAX (1994) study with available neuropsychological evaluation 13 y later. Data on alcohol consumption were obtained from repeated 24h dietary records collected in 1994-1996. Cognitive performance was assessed in 2007-2009 via a battery of 6 neuropsychological tests. A composite score was built as the mean of the standardized individual test scores (mean=50, SD=10). ANCOVA were performed to estimate mean differences in cognitive performance and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
In women, abstainers displayed lower cognitive scores than did low-to-moderate alcohol drinkers (1 to 2 drinks/day) (mean difference= -1.77; 95% CI: -3.29, -0.25). In men, heavy drinkers (>3 drinks/day) had higher cognitive scores than did low-to-moderate (1 to 3 drinks/day) (mean difference=1.05; 95% CI: 0.10, 1.99). However, a lower composite cognitive score was detected in male drinkers consuming ≥ 90 g/d (≈8 drinks/d). A higher proportion of alcohol intake from beer was also associated with lower cognitive scores. These associations remained significant after adjustment for diet, comorbidities and sociodemographic factors.
In men, heavy but not extreme drinking was associated with higher global cognitive scores. Given the known harmful effects of alcohol even in low doses regarding risk of cancer, the study does not provide a basis for modifying current public health messages.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00272428.
饮酒与认知功能之间的关联存在差异，而且针对中年期暴露情况的数据也很少。
估计中年期饮酒与 13 年后评估的认知表现之间的关联，同时考虑合并症和饮食因素。
纳入了参加 SU.VI.MAX（1994 年）研究的 3088 名法国中年成年人，他们在 13 年后有可获得的神经心理学评估。1994-1996 年期间通过重复的 24 小时饮食记录收集了饮酒数据。2007-2009 年通过 6 项神经心理学测试评估认知表现。构建了一个综合评分，作为标准化个体测试评分的平均值（平均值=50，标准差=10）。采用协方差分析（ANCOVA）来估计认知表现的平均差异和 95%置信区间（CI）。
在女性中，不饮酒者的认知评分低于低至中度饮酒者（1 至 2 杯/天）（平均差异=-1.77；95%CI：-3.29，-0.25）。在男性中，重度饮酒者（>3 杯/天）的认知评分高于低至中度饮酒者（1 至 3 杯/天）（平均差异=1.05；95%CI：0.10，1.99）。然而，男性饮酒者中摄入≥90 克/天（≈8 杯/天）的复合认知评分较低。从啤酒中摄入的酒精比例较高也与较低的认知评分相关。在调整饮食、合并症和社会人口因素后，这些关联仍然显著。
在男性中，重度但非极端饮酒与较高的整体认知评分相关。鉴于酒精即使在低剂量下对癌症风险也有已知的有害影响，因此本研究并没有为修改当前的公共卫生信息提供依据。
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00272428。
