Veterinary Medicine Research and Development, Pfizer Animal Health, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA.
Theriogenology. 2013 Mar 1;79(4):725-34. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.11.029. Epub 2013 Jan 2.
Two studies were conducted to determine if clinical metritis could be prevented or decreased in at-risk lactating dairy cows by a single treatment with Excede Sterile Suspension (ceftiofur crystalline free acid sterile suspension [CCFA-SS]) administered within 24 hours after an abnormal calving. Study 1 was a preliminary study and study 2 was a clinical trial (designed to confirm the results of study 1). In both studies, abnormal calving was defined as cows that had dystocia (required assistance), twins, abortion, retained fetal membranes for 12 hours or more, or any combination thereof. A randomized block design with cows blocked on order-of-entry within dairy without regard to parity was used in both studies. In study 1, cows that had abnormal calving from six commercial dairies were randomly assigned to either untreated control (N = 122) or 6.6 mg ceftiofur equivalents/kg of body weight sc in the base of the ear (CCFA-SS, N = 121), within 24 hours after calving. Cows with normal calving during the enrollment period received no treatment and were included for observational purposes (N = 122). Health observations and rectal temperatures were recorded daily, and physical examinations were conducted on Days 1 ± 1, 7 ± 2, 14 ± 2, and 21 ± 2, and uterine swabs (for bacterial culture) were collected from a subsample of cows on Days 3 or 4, 7 ± 2, 14 ± 2, and 21 ± 2. These observations were made by treatment-blinded personnel. In study 2, cows with abnormal calving from 12 commercial dairies were assigned to receive either saline (control, N = 247) or CCFA-SS (N = 247) within 24 hours after calving. Health observations and rectal temperatures were recorded daily, and physical examinations were conducted on Days 0 to 2, 7 ± 1, and 14. In study 1, the incidence of metritis on Day 14 ± 2 was 20.2% versus 36.8% for CCFA-SS and control, respectively, with an odds ratio of 2.30 (P < 0.05). In study 2, incidences of metritis on Day 14 were 28.7% versus 43.5% for CCFA-SS and saline, respectively, with an odds ratio of 1.92 (P < 0.05). Rectal temperatures on Days 1 and 2 and the average for the first 6 days were lower (P < 0.05) for CCFA-SS compared with control cows for both studies. Treatment of cows with a single dose of CCFA-SS within 24 hours after abnormal calving reduced the incidence of subsequent metritis in lactating dairy cows.
两项研究旨在确定在异常分娩后 24 小时内，通过单次使用 Excede Sterile Suspension（头孢噻呋结晶游离酸无菌悬浮液[CCFA-SS]）治疗，是否可以预防或减少处于风险中的泌乳奶牛的临床子宫内膜炎。研究 1 是一项初步研究，研究 2 是一项临床试验（旨在证实研究 1 的结果）。在这两项研究中，异常分娩定义为难产（需要帮助）、双胞胎、流产、胎衣滞留 12 小时或更长时间，或以上任何组合。在这两项研究中，均使用奶牛按进入牧场的顺序进行随机分组的区块设计，不考虑胎次。在研究 1 中，来自六家商业奶牛场的异常分娩奶牛被随机分配至未治疗的对照组（n = 122）或在分娩后 24 小时内耳根下注射 6.6 mg 头孢噻呋等效剂量/公斤体重的 CCFA-SS（n = 121）。在入组期间正常分娩的奶牛不接受任何治疗，仅用于观察目的（n = 122）。每天记录健康观察和直肠温度，在第 1 ± 1、7 ± 2、14 ± 2 和 21 ± 2 天进行体格检查，并在第 3 或 4 天、7 ± 2、14 ± 2 和 21 ± 2 天从亚组奶牛中采集子宫拭子（用于细菌培养）。这些观察由治疗盲法人员进行。在研究 2 中，来自 12 家商业奶牛场的异常分娩奶牛被分配至在分娩后 24 小时内接受生理盐水（对照组，n = 247）或 CCFA-SS（n = 247）治疗。每天记录健康观察和直肠温度，在第 0 至 2 天、7 ± 1 和 14 天进行体格检查。在研究 1 中，第 14 ± 2 天子宫内膜炎的发病率分别为 CCFA-SS 组 20.2%和对照组 36.8%，优势比为 2.30（P < 0.05）。在研究 2 中，第 14 天子宫内膜炎的发病率分别为 CCFA-SS 组 28.7%和对照组 43.5%，优势比为 1.92（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，在这两项研究中，CCFA-SS 治疗的奶牛在第 1 和第 2 天以及前 6 天的平均直肠温度均较低（P < 0.05）。在异常分娩后 24 小时内，对奶牛单次使用 CCFA-SS 治疗可降低随后发生子宫内膜炎的发生率。
