Alonso Luz Angela, Usaquén William
Grupo de Genética de Poblaciones e Identificación, Institute of Genetics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Calle 53-37 Edificio 426, Bogota 111321, Colombia.
Homo. 2013 Feb;64(1):71-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jchb.2012.11.006. Epub 2013 Jan 3.
The Archipelago of San Andrés and Providencia is a Colombian Department in the western waters of the Caribbean Sea. Most of its inhabitants belong to the African-Colombian group known as raizal. This group has unique cultural traits that are derived from centuries of admixture of the primarily African slaves and European colonists. Currently, not much is known about the genetic profile of this population. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the Y-chromosome STR genetic structure and relationship to previously published reference populations. A total of 54 natives from the islands were selected based on the genealogical criterion of having three generations of ancestors born in the Archipelago. Seventeen Y-STRs were analyzed, supplemented by information on the first surname inherited. The genetic substructure hypothesis in the studied islands was tested, and no significant differences were found (p>0.05). Y-chromosome haplogroups were predicted, and E1b1a and R1b were the most commonly found haplogroups. They account for more than 80% of the sample. The E1b1a and R1ba haplogroups are common in the African and European populations, respectively. For comparative genetic analysis, genetic distances were calculated with respect to populations from the Caribbean, Colombia, Europe and Africa. We found greater similarity between the African and Caribbean populations. The surname analysis demonstrated that most of the time, the "raizales" with the same surname also shared the same Y-STR haplotype. This suggests that some kinship relationship exists between participants with the same surname, which was confirmed by the haplotype diversity levels found in the studied islands.
圣安德烈斯和普罗维登西亚群岛是位于加勒比海西部海域的一个哥伦比亚行政区。其大多数居民属于被称为“拉伊萨尔”的非裔哥伦比亚群体。这个群体拥有独特的文化特征，这些特征源自几个世纪以来主要是非洲奴隶和欧洲殖民者的混合。目前，对这个群体的基因概况了解不多。因此，本研究旨在确定Y染色体STR基因结构以及与先前发表的参考群体的关系。根据有三代祖先出生在该群岛的家谱标准，从这些岛屿中总共挑选了54名当地人。分析了17个Y-STR，并辅以关于继承的第一个姓氏的信息。对研究岛屿中的基因亚结构假设进行了检验，未发现显著差异（p>0.05）。预测了Y染色体单倍群，E1b1a和R1b是最常见的单倍群。它们占样本的80%以上。E1b1a和R1ba单倍群分别在非洲和欧洲人群中常见。为了进行比较基因分析，计算了与来自加勒比地区、哥伦比亚、欧洲和非洲的人群的遗传距离。我们发现非洲和加勒比人群之间的相似性更大。姓氏分析表明，大多数情况下，姓氏相同的“拉伊萨尔人”也共享相同的Y-STR单倍型。这表明同姓参与者之间存在某种亲属关系，这在研究岛屿中发现的单倍型多样性水平上得到了证实。
