J Neurosci Nurs. 2013 Feb;45(1):5-13. doi: 10.1097/JNN.0b013e318275b1b2.
This article provides a clinical nursing update on major neurological complications associated with HIV and AIDS. Life expectancy for those with AIDS has increased as a consequence of antiretroviral therapy, and thus, neurological complications remain a clinical challenge. Four significant diseases associated with HIV and AIDS are addressed: HIV-associated dementia, peripheral neuropathy, cryptococcal meningitis, and toxoplasmosis. Updated statistics, a review of pathophysiology, common manifestations, diagnostic tests, and standard treatments are discussed for each disease. Nursing considerations when caring for this population are reviewed and include assessment, safety, activities of daily living, pain management, and treatment adherence.
本文提供了与 HIV 和艾滋病相关的主要神经并发症的临床护理更新。由于抗逆转录病毒疗法的应用，艾滋病患者的预期寿命有所延长，因此，神经并发症仍然是一个临床挑战。本文讨论了与 HIV 和艾滋病相关的四种重要疾病：HIV 相关性痴呆、周围神经病、隐球菌性脑膜炎和弓形体病。更新了每种疾病的统计数据、病理生理学、常见表现、诊断测试和标准治疗的回顾。本文还回顾了护理此类人群时的护理注意事项，包括评估、安全、日常生活活动、疼痛管理和治疗依从性。
