Mamidi Arunima, DeSimone Joseph A, Pomerantz Roger J
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
J Neurovirol. 2002 Jun;8(3):158-67. doi: 10.1080/13550280290049723.
Opportunistic infections of the central nervous system (CNS) are common complications of advanced immunodeficiency in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. Neurological disease is the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 10% to 20% of symptomatic HIV-1 infection. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of such disorders is critical. Also, in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), these disease states have changed in presentation and epidemiology. Therefore, we review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of five common central nervous system disorders in individuals with HIV-1 infection: toxoplasma encephalitis, primary central nervous system lymphoma, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus encephalitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
中枢神经系统（CNS）的机会性感染是1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）感染者晚期免疫缺陷的常见并发症。在有症状的HIV-1感染中，神经疾病是10%至20%的获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）患者的首发表现。对此类疾病进行及时诊断和治疗至关重要。此外，在高效抗逆转录病毒治疗（HAART）时代，这些疾病的表现形式和流行病学特征已经发生了变化。因此，我们综述了HIV-1感染个体中五种常见中枢神经系统疾病的流行病学、发病机制、临床特征、诊断和管理：弓形虫脑炎、原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤、隐球菌性脑膜炎、巨细胞病毒性脑炎和进行性多灶性白质脑病。
