Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
ISME J. 2013 May;7(5):1016-25. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2012.174. Epub 2013 Jan 10.
The goals of this study were to better understand the ecology of oral subgingival communities in health and periodontitis and elucidate the relationship between inflammation and the subgingival microbiome. Accordingly, we used 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene libraries and quantitative PCR to characterize the subgingival microbiome of 22 subjects with chronic periodontitis. Each subject was sampled at two sites with similar periodontal destruction but differing in the presence of bleeding, a clinical indicator of increased inflammation. Communities in periodontitis were also compared with those from 10 healthy individuals. In periodontitis, presence of bleeding was not associated with different α-diversity or with a distinct microbiome, however, bleeding sites showed higher total bacterial load. In contrast, communities in health and periodontitis largely differed, with higher diversity and biomass in periodontitis. Shifts in community structure from health to periodontitis resembled ecological succession, with emergence of newly dominant taxa in periodontitis without replacement of primary health-associated species. That is, periodontitis communities had higher proportions of Spirochetes, Synergistetes, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi, among other taxa, while the proportions of Actinobacteria, particularly Actinomyces, were higher in health. Total Actinomyces load, however, remained constant from health to periodontitis. Moreover, an association existed between biomass and community structure in periodontitis, with the proportion of specific taxa correlating with bacterial load. Our study provides a global-scale framework for the ecological events in subgingival communities that underline the development of periodontitis. The association, in periodontitis, between inflammation, community biomass and community structure and their role in disease progression warrant further investigation.
本研究的目的是更好地了解健康和牙周炎状态下口腔龈下群落的生态学，并阐明炎症与龈下微生物组之间的关系。因此，我们使用 454焦磷酸测序和 16S rRNA 基因文库定量 PCR 来描述 22 名慢性牙周炎患者的龈下微生物组。每位患者在两个具有相似牙周破坏但存在出血的位点进行采样，出血是炎症增加的临床指标。还将牙周炎患者的群落与 10 名健康个体的群落进行比较。在牙周炎中，出血的存在与不同的 α 多样性或独特的微生物组无关，但出血部位的总细菌负荷更高。相比之下，健康和牙周炎的群落差异很大，牙周炎的多样性和生物量更高。从健康到牙周炎的群落结构变化类似于生态演替，牙周炎中新兴的优势类群取代了主要的健康相关物种。也就是说，牙周炎群落中螺旋体、协同菌、厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门等的比例较高，而放线菌，特别是放线菌，在健康时的比例较高。然而，从健康到牙周炎，放线菌的总负荷保持不变。此外，牙周炎中存在生物量与群落结构之间的关联，特定类群的比例与细菌负荷相关。我们的研究为龈下群落中导致牙周炎发展的生态事件提供了一个全球范围的框架。在牙周炎中，炎症、群落生物量和群落结构之间的关联及其在疾病进展中的作用值得进一步研究。
