a Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University , Crakow , Poland.
Int J Psychol. 2013;48(6):1291-302. doi: 10.1080/00207594.2012.752097. Epub 2013 Jan 11.
The aim of the present studies was to investigate whether age-related improvement found in naturalistic but experimenter-given prospective memory (PM) tasks can be generalized to real-life intentions. In Study 1, younger, middle-aged, and older adults generated a list of intended activities for the following week; one week later they marked the tasks that they had performed. The participants were also asked to rate the importance of each listed intention and to describe the circumstances of completion that were already known to them. We found that, compared with younger adults, older adults attributed a higher degree of importance to their intentions and had the circumstances of their completion better planned. However, the age-related benefit in the PM performance for all listed intentions was not present for the very important and well-planned tasks. In Study 2 we manipulated whether younger adults engaged or not in the detailed planning of when their intentions could be completed. It was demonstrated that younger adults who had to perform detailed planning completed their intended activities more often than those who did not plan for their intentions. The results support explanations of the age-related benefit in everyday PM that highlight the role of importance and planning.
本研究旨在探究自然情景下（由实验者提供的）与年龄相关的前瞻性记忆（PM）任务的改善是否可以推广到实际意图中。在研究 1 中，年轻、中年和老年参与者为下周生成了一系列预期活动清单；一周后，他们标记出已经完成的任务。参与者还被要求评估每个列出的意图的重要性，并描述他们已经知道的完成情况。我们发现，与年轻参与者相比，老年参与者更重视他们的意图，并且对完成情况的计划更好。然而，对于非常重要和计划周密的任务，所有列出的意图在 PM 表现方面并没有表现出与年龄相关的优势。在研究 2 中，我们操纵了年轻参与者是否详细计划完成意图的时间。结果表明，必须进行详细计划的年轻参与者比没有计划完成意图的参与者更经常地完成他们的预期活动。这些结果支持了强调重要性和计划作用的解释，即年龄相关的日常 PM 获益。
