Soil Protection Technical Committee, The Hague, The Netherlands.
Integr Environ Assess Manag. 2013 Apr;9(2):237-42. doi: 10.1002/ieam.1391.
Increasing reference to the ecosystem services (ES) concept is made in publications on the need to use natural resources sustainably, to protect and enhance biodiversity, and to alleviate poverty in developing countries. To examine the significance of the concept in densely populated industrialized countries, this case study investigates its use in several sustainable landscape management projects in the Netherlands. Guidance by the Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity project (TEEB) for local and regional policy and management serves as a reference. The projects studied show that the ES concept is seen as a tool for enhancing biodiversity, creating more sustainable regional development plans, supporting better spatial-planning decisions on soil sealing, and, most importantly, for getting the involvement of much broader stakeholder groups--not just to make better decisions, but also to attract more funding for the plans. Not only does the Netherlands have a high demand for various ecosystem services and a desire for multifunctional land use, it also has a long tradition of consensus-seeking. As a result, "Dutch practice" is complex and involves many different stakeholders. Because of increasing recognition of the role ecosystem services play in enhancing the visibility of natural resources in decision making, the ES concept seems to be gaining a foothold. However, the number of projects is still limited, and neither the use of the methods nor the results are monitored. So far, this has made it impossible to say whether the approach leads to more sustainable decisions-in other words, to the better protection and management of natural resources.
在关于需要可持续利用自然资源、保护和增强生物多样性以及减轻发展中国家贫困的出版物中，越来越多地提到生态系统服务（ES）的概念。为了研究这一概念在人口稠密的工业化国家中的重要性，本案例研究调查了其在荷兰几个可持续景观管理项目中的应用。经济学对生态系统和生物多样性的研究（TEEB）为地方和区域政策和管理提供了指导。所研究的项目表明，生态系统服务的概念被视为增强生物多样性、创建更可持续的区域发展计划、支持更好的土壤封盖空间规划决策的工具，最重要的是，让更广泛的利益相关者群体参与进来——不仅是为了做出更好的决策，也是为了为这些计划吸引更多的资金。荷兰不仅对各种生态系统服务有很高的需求，而且渴望实现多功能土地利用，而且它还有寻求共识的悠久传统。因此，“荷兰实践”是复杂的，涉及许多不同的利益相关者。由于越来越认识到生态系统服务在提高自然资源在决策中的可见性方面的作用，生态系统服务的概念似乎正在立足。然而，项目的数量仍然有限，方法的使用和结果都没有得到监测。到目前为止，这使得我们无法确定这种方法是否会导致更可持续的决策，换句话说，是否会更好地保护和管理自然资源。
