Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy.
Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2013 Aug;38(8):1435-41. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.009. Epub 2013 Jan 8.
Hedonic eating differentiates from homeostatic eating on two main aspects: the first one is that eating occurs when there is no need for calorie ingestion and the second one is that the food is consumed exclusively for its gustatory and rewarding properties. Gastroeneteric hormones such as ghrelin, colecystokinin-33 (CCK) and peptide YY3-36 (PYY3-36) are known to play a pivotal role in the homeostatic control of food intake. To the contrary, their role in hedonic eating has been never investigated. Here we report peripheral responses of CCK, PYY3-36 and ghrelin to the consumption of food for pleasure in well-nourished satiated healthy subjects. Plasma levels of CCK, PYY3-36 and ghrelin were measured in 7 satiated healthy subjects before and after ad libitum consumption of both a highly pleasurable food (hedonic eating) and an isoenergetic non-pleasurable food (non-hedonic eating). The consumption of food for pleasure was associated to a significantly increased production of the hunger hormone ghrelin and a significantly decreased secretion of the satiety hormone CCK. No significant changes in plasma PYY3-36 levels occurred in the two eating conditions. These preliminary data demonstrate that in hedonic eating the peripheral hunger signal represented by ghrelin secretion is enhanced while the satiety signal of CCK production is decreased. This could be responsible for the persistence of peripheral cues allowing a continued eating as well as for the activation of endogenous reward mechanisms, which can drive food consumption in spite of no energy need, only for reward.
第一，进食发生在不需要摄入卡路里的时候；第二，食物仅因其味觉和奖赏特性而被消耗。已知胃肠激素如 ghrelin、胆囊收缩素-33（CCK）和肽 YY3-36（PYY3-36）在食物摄入的稳态控制中发挥着关键作用。相反，它们在享乐性进食中的作用从未被研究过。在这里，我们报告了 CCK、PYY3-36 和 ghrelin 在外周对健康、营养充足和饱食的个体为了愉悦而进食的反应。在 7 名饱食健康个体中，在自由进食高度愉悦的食物（享乐性进食）和等能量非愉悦的食物（非享乐性进食）前后，测量了 CCK、PYY3-36 和 ghrelin 的血浆水平。愉悦进食与饥饿激素 ghrelin 的产生显著增加和饱腹感激素 CCK 的分泌显著减少有关。在两种进食条件下，血浆 PYY3-36 水平均无显著变化。这些初步数据表明，在享乐性进食中，代表 ghrelin 分泌的外周饥饿信号增强，而 CCK 产生的饱腹感信号减弱。这可能是外周线索持续存在的原因，允许继续进食，也是内源性奖励机制激活的原因，这些机制可以驱动食物消耗，尽管没有能量需求，仅为了奖励。
