Decarie-Spain Lea, Kanoski Scott E
Human & Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 17;13(3):977. doi: 10.3390/nu13030977.
Eating behaviors are influenced by the reinforcing properties of foods that can favor decisions driven by reward incentives over metabolic needs. These food reward-motivated behaviors are modulated by gut-derived peptides such as ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) that are well-established to promote or reduce energy intake, respectively. In this review we highlight the antagonizing actions of ghrelin and GLP-1 on various behavioral constructs related to food reward/reinforcement, including reactivity to food cues, conditioned meal anticipation, effort-based food-motivated behaviors, and flavor-nutrient preference and aversion learning. We integrate physiological and behavioral neuroscience studies conducted in both rodents and human to illustrate translational findings of interest for the treatment of obesity or metabolic impairments. Collectively, the literature discussed herein highlights a model where ghrelin and GLP-1 regulate food reward-motivated behaviors via both competing and independent neurobiological and behavioral mechanisms.
饮食行为受到食物强化特性的影响，这些特性会使由奖励激励驱动的决策优先于代谢需求。这些受食物奖励驱动的行为受到诸如胃饥饿素和胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）等肠道衍生肽的调节，它们分别被证实可促进或减少能量摄入。在本综述中，我们重点介绍了胃饥饿素和GLP-1对与食物奖励/强化相关的各种行为结构的拮抗作用，包括对食物线索的反应性、条件性进餐预期、基于努力的食物驱动行为以及风味-营养偏好和厌恶学习。我们整合了在啮齿动物和人类中进行的生理和行为神经科学研究，以阐明对肥胖或代谢障碍治疗具有重要意义的转化研究结果。总体而言，本文讨论的文献突出了一个模型，即胃饥饿素和GLP-1通过相互竞争和独立的神经生物学及行为机制来调节受食物奖励驱动的行为。
