ESPA Research, The Robert Luff Laboratory, Unit 133i Business and Innovation Centre Sunderland, UK.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2013 Jan 4;6:344. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2012.00344. eCollection 2012.
Dietary intervention as a tool for maintaining and improving physical health and wellbeing is a widely researched and discussed topic. Speculation that diet may similarly affect mental health and wellbeing particularly in cases of psychiatric and behavioral symptomatology opens up various avenues for potentially improving quality of life. We examine evidence suggestive that a gluten-free (GF), casein-free (CF), or gluten- and casein-free diet (GFCF) can ameliorate core and peripheral symptoms and improve developmental outcome in some cases of autism spectrum conditions. Although not wholly affirmative, the majority of published studies indicate statistically significant positive changes to symptom presentation following dietary intervention. In particular, changes to areas of communication, attention, and hyperactivity are detailed, despite the presence of various methodological shortcomings. Specific characteristics of best- and non-responders to intervention have not been fully elucidated; neither has the precise mode of action for any universal effect outside of known individual cases of food-related co-morbidity. With the publication of controlled medium- and long-term group studies of a gluten- and casein-free diet alongside more consolidated biological findings potentially linked to intervention, the appearance of a possible diet-related autism phenotype seems to be emerging supportive of a positive dietary effect in some cases. Further debate on whether such dietary intervention should form part of best practice guidelines for autism spectrum conditions (ASCs) and onward representative of an autism dietary-sensitive enteropathy is warranted.
饮食干预作为一种维持和改善身体健康和幸福感的工具，是一个广泛研究和讨论的话题。有人推测，饮食可能同样会影响心理健康和幸福感，特别是在精神病学和行为症状的情况下，这为潜在地提高生活质量开辟了各种途径。我们研究了一些证据，表明无麸质（GF）、无酪蛋白（CF）或无麸质和无酪蛋白饮食（GFCF）可以改善某些自闭症谱系障碍的核心和外周症状，并改善发育结果。尽管并非完全肯定，但大多数已发表的研究表明，饮食干预后症状表现有统计学上的显著改善。特别是，尽管存在各种方法学上的缺陷，但在沟通、注意力和多动等领域的变化都有详细描述。对于干预的最佳和非最佳反应者的具体特征尚未完全阐明；除了已知的与食物相关的合并症的个别病例之外，对于任何普遍作用的确切作用机制也没有阐明。随着无麸质和无酪蛋白饮食的对照中短期和长期群体研究的发表，以及可能与干预相关的更具一致性的生物学发现，一种可能与饮食相关的自闭症表型似乎正在出现，支持在某些情况下饮食有积极影响。关于这种饮食干预是否应该成为自闭症谱系障碍（ASCs）最佳实践指南的一部分，以及是否代表一种自闭症饮食敏感肠病，进一步的辩论是有必要的。
