Department of Psychiatry, University of Granada, Health Technology Park, Av. de la Investigación, 11, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Psychiatry Service, Hospital San Cecilio, Health Technology Park, Av. de la Investigación, 11, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Apr 25;14(9):1797. doi: 10.3390/nu14091797.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) appear in the early stages of neurodevelopment, and they remain constant throughout life. Currently, due to limitations in ASDs treatment, alternative approaches, such as nutritional interventions, have frequently been implemented. The aim of this narrative review is to gather the most relevant and updated studies about dietary interventions related to ASDs etiopathogenesis.
Our literature search focused on the gluten- and casein-free (GFCF) diet. The literature found shows the inexistence of enough scientific evidence to support a general recommendation of dietary intervention in children with ASD. Protocols and procedures for assessing risk and safety are also needed. Future lines: Prospective and controlled research studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times are scarce and needed. In addition, studies considering an assessment of intestinal permeability, bacterial population, enzymatic, and inflammatory gastrointestinal activity are interesting to identify possible responders. Besides brain imaging techniques, genetic tests can also contribute as markers to evaluate the comorbidity of gastrointestinal symptoms.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）在神经发育的早期阶段出现，并贯穿一生保持不变。目前，由于 ASD 治疗的局限性，经常采用替代方法，如营养干预。本综述的目的是收集与 ASD 病因发病机制相关的饮食干预的最相关和最新研究。
我们的文献检索集中在无谷蛋白和无酪蛋白（GFCF）饮食上。文献发现表明，没有足够的科学证据支持对 ASD 儿童进行饮食干预的一般建议。还需要评估风险和安全性的方案和程序。未来方向：前瞻性和对照研究的样本量较大，随访时间较长，因此这类研究非常稀缺和必要。此外，考虑评估肠道通透性、细菌种群、酶和炎症性胃肠道活动的研究也很有趣，可以确定可能的应答者。除了脑成像技术外，基因测试也可以作为标志物来评估胃肠道症状的共病。
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