Amon Joseph J, Buchanan Jane, Cohen Jane, Kippenberg Juliane
Human Rights Watch, 350 Fifth Avenve, 34th Floor, New York City, NY 10118, USA.
Int J Pediatr. 2012;2012:938306. doi: 10.1155/2012/938306. Epub 2012 Dec 18.
The Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour was adopted by the International Labour Organization in 1999. 174 countries around the world have signed or ratified the convention, which requires countries to adopt laws and implement programs to prohibit and eliminate child labor that poses harms to health or safety. Nonetheless, child labor continues to be common in the agriculture and mining sectors, where safety and environmental hazards pose significant risks. Drawing upon recent human rights investigations of child labor in tobacco farming in Kazakhstan and gold mining in Mali, the role of international human rights mechanisms, advocacy with government and private sector officials, and media attention in reducing harmful environmental exposures of child workers is discussed. Human rights-based advocacy in both cases was important to raise attention and help ensure that children are protected from harm.
《关于禁止和立即采取行动消除最恶劣形式的童工劳动公约》于1999年由国际劳工组织通过。全球174个国家已签署或批准该公约，该公约要求各国通过法律并实施相关计划，以禁止和消除对健康或安全造成危害的童工劳动。尽管如此，童工劳动在农业和采矿业中仍然普遍存在，在这些行业中，安全和环境危害带来了重大风险。借鉴近期对哈萨克斯坦烟草种植和马里金矿开采中童工劳动的人权调查，本文讨论了国际人权机制、对政府和私营部门官员的宣传以及媒体关注在减少童工有害环境暴露方面的作用。在这两个案例中，基于人权的宣传对于提高关注度并帮助确保儿童免受伤害至关重要。
