Avon Orthopaedic Centre, Southmead Hospital, Westbury-on-Trym, Bristol, BS10 5NB, United Kingdom.
Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2013 May;8(3):192-200. doi: 10.2174/1574888x11308030003.
Understanding of the biology of bone regeneration has been increasing rapidly, with greater appreciation for the importance of biochemical aspects as well as the mechanical requirements for bone to heal. There are a number of situations where there is difficulty in bone healing such as fracture non-union; or growth such as osteogenesis imperfecta; or a requirement for surplus bone to reconstruct defects such as following surgery for tumour excision or limb lengthening. There is a greater understanding of the complex interplay between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and the chemical mediators that provide signalling along complex pathways. Although we have known about substances such as Bone Morphogenic Proteins and Growth Hormones for some time, their application in clinical practice is still not widespread, and we need to study them more to understand their role in bone healing. With newer technologies such as stem cells and gene therapy being developed there is the potential for vast improvement in bone regenerative techniques, although we are not at a stage where we can be confident that these techniques will work. In this review article we discuss the basic healing process of bone and how our understanding of this has led to improved techniques as well as the potential for future developments in new technologies.
对骨骼再生生物学的理解正在迅速增加，人们越来越重视生物化学方面以及骨骼愈合的机械要求的重要性。在许多情况下，骨骼愈合存在困难，例如骨折不愈合；或者生长异常，例如成骨不全症；或者需要多余的骨骼来重建缺陷，例如肿瘤切除或肢体延长手术后。人们对成骨细胞和破骨细胞之间的复杂相互作用以及提供沿着复杂途径的信号的化学介质有了更多的了解。尽管我们已经了解了骨形态发生蛋白和生长激素等物质一段时间，但它们在临床实践中的应用仍然不广泛，我们需要进一步研究它们，以了解它们在骨骼愈合中的作用。随着干细胞和基因治疗等新技术的发展，骨骼再生技术有了很大的改进潜力，尽管我们还没有达到可以自信地认为这些技术将有效的阶段。在这篇综述文章中，我们讨论了骨骼的基本愈合过程，以及我们对这一过程的理解如何导致了技术的改进，以及新技术未来发展的潜力。
