Department of Psychology, Solomon Labs, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Prog Brain Res. 2013;202:3-19. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-62604-2.00001-0.
Surprise is a fundamental link between cognition and emotion. It is shaped by cognitive assessments of likelihood, intuition, and superstition, and it in turn shapes hedonic experiences. We examine this connection between cognition and emotion and offer an explanation called decision affect theory. Our theory predicts the affective consequences of mistaken beliefs, such as overconfidence and hindsight. It provides insight about why the pleasure of a gain can loom larger than the pain of a comparable loss. Finally, it explains cross-cultural differences in emotional reactions to surprising events. By changing the nature of the unexpected (from chance to good luck), one can alter the emotional reaction to surprising events.
惊讶是认知和情感之间的一个基本联系。它受到对可能性、直觉和迷信的认知评估的影响，反过来又影响快乐体验。我们考察了认知和情感之间的这种联系，并提出了一种名为决策情感理论的解释。我们的理论预测了错误信念（如过度自信和后见之明）的情感后果。它提供了关于为什么收益的快乐感可以大于可比损失的痛苦感的见解。最后，它解释了对令人惊讶的事件的情绪反应的跨文化差异。通过改变意外事件的性质（从偶然变为好运），可以改变对意外事件的情绪反应。
