Dale Gillian, Dux Paul E, Arnell Karen M
Department of Psychology, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
Atten Percept Psychophys. 2013 Apr;75(3):456-67. doi: 10.3758/s13414-012-0415-8.
When the second of two targets (T2) is presented in close temporal proximity (within 200-500 ms) to the first (T1), the accuracy for reporting T2 is reduced relative to when the targets are separated by longer durations; this effect is known as the attentional blink (AB). Two recent studies have shown that individual differences in the magnitudes of the AB are stable both within a single testing session and over time. While one study found a large positive correlation between AB magnitudes when there was an attentional-set/task switch between T1 and T2 and when there was not, the other study found no relationship between the switch and no-switch paradigms. The present study was conducted to clarify this discrepancy by examining the reliability of, and relationships among, individual differences in AB performance on five different versions of the standard dual-target RSVP paradigm, three of which involved an attentional-set/task switch between T1 and T2, and two of which did not. Participants completed all five paradigms, and then returned 7-10 days later to again complete the same paradigms. The performance on all five versions was reliable both within and across testing sessions, demonstrating again that individual differences in AB performance are stable over time. In addition, all five AB versions were significantly intercorrelated, although the strengths of the relationships differed depending on the extent to which the T1 and T2 attentional sets/tasks overlapped. These findings provide evidence that multiple distinct dual-target RSVP tasks do share underlying variability, providing support for the use of different versions of the paradigm in the literature.
当两个目标中的第二个目标（T2）在时间上与第一个目标（T1）紧密相邻呈现（在200 - 500毫秒内）时，相对于目标被更长时间间隔分开的情况，报告T2的准确性会降低；这种效应被称为注意瞬脱（AB）。最近的两项研究表明，注意瞬脱幅度的个体差异在单个测试会话内和随时间都是稳定的。一项研究发现，当T1和T2之间存在注意定势/任务切换与不存在注意定势/任务切换时，注意瞬脱幅度之间存在很大的正相关，而另一项研究则发现切换范式与非切换范式之间没有关系。本研究旨在通过检验标准双目标快速序列视觉呈现（RSVP）范式的五个不同版本中注意瞬脱表现的个体差异的可靠性及其之间的关系来澄清这种差异，其中三个版本涉及T1和T2之间的注意定势/任务切换，另外两个版本则不涉及。参与者完成了所有五个范式，然后在7 - 10天后返回再次完成相同的范式。所有五个版本的表现无论在测试会话内还是跨测试会话都是可靠的，再次证明注意瞬脱表现的个体差异随时间是稳定的。此外，所有五个注意瞬脱版本都显著相互关联，尽管关系的强度因T1和T2注意定势/任务的重叠程度而异。这些发现提供了证据，表明多个不同的双目标RSVP任务确实共享潜在的变异性，为文献中使用该范式的不同版本提供了支持。
