Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA ; Visual Attention Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Cambridge, MA, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California Berkeley, CA, USA.
Front Psychol. 2014 Feb 10;5:69. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00069. eCollection 2014.
Action video game players (VGPs) have demonstrated a number of attentional advantages over non-players. Here, we propose that many of those benefits might be underpinned by improved control over exogenous (i.e., stimulus-driven) attention. To test this we used an anti-cueing task, in which a sudden-onset cue indicated that the target would likely appear in a separate location on the opposite side of the fixation point. When the time between the cue onset and the target onset was short (40 ms), non-players (nVGPs) showed a typical exogenous attention effect. Their response times were faster to targets presented at the cued (but less probable) location compared with the opposite (more probable) location. VGPs, however, were less likely to have their attention drawn to the location of the cue. When the onset asynchrony was long (600 ms), VGPs and nVGPs were equally able to endogenously shift their attention to the likely (opposite) target location. In order to rule out processing-speed differences as an explanation for this result, we also tested VGPs and nVGPs on an attentional blink (AB) task. In a version of the AB task that minimized demands on task switching and iconic memory, VGPs and nVGPs did not differ in second target identification performance (i.e., VGPs had the same magnitude of AB as nVGPs), suggesting that the anti-cueing results were due to flexible control over exogenous attention rather than to more general speed-of-processing differences.
动作视频游戏玩家（VGPs）在注意力方面表现出了许多优于非玩家的优势。在这里，我们提出，其中许多好处可能是通过对外源性（即刺激驱动）注意力的更好控制来实现的。为了验证这一点，我们使用了一种反提示任务，其中一个突然出现的提示表明目标很可能出现在注视点对面的另一个位置。当提示出现到目标出现的时间很短（40 毫秒）时，非玩家（nVGPs）表现出典型的外源性注意力效应。与相反位置（更可能）相比，他们对提示（但不太可能）位置出现的目标的反应更快。然而，VGPs 不太可能将注意力吸引到提示的位置。当起始异步时间较长（600 毫秒）时，VGPs 和 nVGPs 都能够内源性地将注意力转移到可能的（相反）目标位置。为了排除作为该结果解释的处理速度差异，我们还在注意力眨眼（AB）任务上测试了 VGPs 和 nVGPs。在一种最小化任务转换和图像记忆需求的 AB 任务版本中，VGPs 和 nVGPs 在第二个目标识别性能上没有差异（即，VGPs 和 nVGPs 的 AB 幅度相同），这表明反提示结果是由于对外源性注意力的灵活控制，而不是更一般的处理速度差异。
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