Department of Food/Nutrition, Mayo Clinic in Arizona, 5777 E. Mayo Blvd, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA.
Nutr Clin Pract. 2013 Feb;28(1):15-29. doi: 10.1177/0884533612469027.
Malnutrition commonly complicates the course of patients with cirrhosis and has a multifactorial etiology. Despite the important role that nutrition plays in the prognosis of those with cirrhosis, the nutrition assessment process can be challenging in this setting. A number of tools are available to aid in the nutrition assessment of the cirrhotic patient; however, none are without limitations. Although the assessment process can be difficult, the ability to properly manage the nutrient needs of the patient presents an additional set of challenges because of the catabolic nature of the disease process and common occurrence of anorexia and other symptoms leading to poor oral intake. In this review, the nutrition assessment tools and general guidelines for nutrition management in patients with advanced liver disease are discussed to promote recognition of the nutrition issues affecting this patient population and lead to their improved survival and reduced morbidity.
营养不良常使肝硬化患者的病情复杂化，且其病因具有多因素性。尽管营养在肝硬化患者的预后中起着重要作用，但在这种情况下，营养评估过程可能具有挑战性。有许多工具可用于帮助评估肝硬化患者的营养状况；然而，这些工具都存在局限性。尽管评估过程可能具有难度，但由于疾病进程的分解代谢性质以及厌食和其他导致摄入不良的症状的常见发生，患者的营养需求管理能力提出了另一套挑战。在这篇综述中，讨论了营养评估工具和晚期肝病患者营养管理的一般指南，以促进对影响这一患者群体的营养问题的认识，并提高他们的生存率，降低发病率。
