Department of Research, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital; The College of Medical Technology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022 Apr 4;12:774335. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.774335. eCollection 2022.
The liver is directly connected to the intestines through the portal vein, which enables the gut microbiota and gut-derived products to influence liver health. There is accumulating evidence of decreased gut flora diversity and alcohol sensitivity in patients with various chronic liver diseases, including non-alcoholic/alcoholic liver disease, chronic hepatitis virus infection, primary sclerosing cholangitis and liver cirrhosis. Increased intestinal mucosal permeability and decline in barrier function were also found in these patients. Followed by bacteria translocation and endotoxin uptake, these will lead to systemic inflammation. Specific microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites are altered in various chronic liver diseases studies, but the complex interaction between the gut microbiota and liver is missing. This review article discussed the bidirectional relationship between the gut and the liver, and explained the mechanisms of how the gut microbiota ecosystem alteration affects the pathogenesis of chronic liver diseases. We presented gut-microbiota targeted interventions that could be the new promising method to manage chronic liver diseases.
肝脏通过门静脉与肠道直接相连，使肠道微生物群和肠道来源的产物能够影响肝脏健康。越来越多的证据表明，各种慢性肝病患者的肠道菌群多样性和酒精敏感性下降，包括非酒精性/酒精性肝病、慢性乙型肝炎病毒感染、原发性硬化性胆管炎和肝硬化。这些患者还存在肠道黏膜通透性增加和屏障功能下降。随后发生细菌易位和内毒素摄取，导致全身炎症。在各种慢性肝病研究中，特定的微生物群和微生物群衍生的代谢物发生改变，但肠道微生物群和肝脏之间的复杂相互作用尚不清楚。这篇综述文章讨论了肠道和肝脏之间的双向关系，并解释了肠道微生物群生态改变如何影响慢性肝病发病机制的机制。我们提出了针对肠道微生物群的干预措施，这可能是治疗慢性肝病的新有前途的方法。
