University Federal of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
Nutr Neurosci. 2013 May;16(3):113-24. doi: 10.1179/1476830512Y.0000000037. Epub 2012 Dec 6.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a low-energy diet on rat dams and physical activity in water during the perinatal period on body weight, somatic growth, and neuromotor development.
Rat dams were fed with control or low-energy diets from the third gestational week. At 8 days old the littermates were either involved or not in aquatic physical activity. The groups were initially divided into normocaloric (C) or low-energy (LE) diets. The study included 52 male pups from primiparous Wistar rats. Exercise in water was carried out with the pups from the age of 8 to 52 days. Four experimental groups were formed: inactive control (IC), active control (AC), inactive low-energy (ILE), and active low-energy (ALE). Somatic growth (tail length (TL), lateral-lateral axis of the skull (LLAS), anterior-posterior axis of the skull (APAS), and longitudinal axis (LA)), maturation of reflexes and neuromotor development of pup locomotion were analyzed along with a biochemical profile.
During lactation the body weight range (%) was lower for ILE compared with IC (38%, P < 0.05), as ALE body weight gain was lower (29%, P < 0.05) compared with AC and bigger (17%, P < 0.05) compared with ILE. At 21st day reduced body weight was observed in LE diet groups (IC = 48.62 ± 1.36 g; AC = 48.30 ± 1.03 g; ILE = 30.49 ± 1.60 g; ALE = 39.38 ± 1.06 g, P < 0.05). Compared with control diet, the LE diet delayed somatic growth of pups from 2nd week to end lactation, but the early physical activity in LE group improved some parameters of somatic growth (TL: IC = 68.87 ± 1.00 mm, AC = 68.80 ± 1.10 mm, ILE = 60.21 ± 1.14 mm, ALE = 64.61 ± 0.55 mm; LA: IC = 113.21 ± 1.73 mm, AC = 113.33 ± 1.37 mm, ILE = 99.40 ± 1.67 mm, ALE = 106.76 ± 0.79 mm; APAS: IC = 37.10 ± 0.32 mm, AC: 37.18 ± 0.23 mm, ILE = 34.11 ± 0.33 mm, ALE = 35.84 ± 0.30 mm; LLAS: IC = 18.71 ± 0.24 mm, AC = 19.00 ± 0.16 mm, ILE = 17.10 ± 0.19 mm, ALE = 17.87 ± 0.11 mm, P < 0.05) and reflex ontogeny. Nevertheless, fewer changes were observed in locomotor activity (P > 0.05). At 60 days old, the food intake and measures of murinometrics did not differ among groups, but they had lower glucose levels ILE (IC = 4.14 ± 0.23 mmol/l, AC = 3.70 ± 0.22 mmol/l, ILE = 3.38 ± 0.20 mmol/l, ALE = 4.17 ± 0.09 mmol/l, P < 0.05).
Taken together, we suggest that physical activity in water acts as a beneficial factor in LE diets of dams during the perinatal period. Further study is necessary to investigate the role of physical activity for adaptation against adverse nutritional stimuli.
本研究旨在评估低能量饮食对围产期大鼠母鼠和水中体力活动对体重、体生长和神经运动发育的影响。
从妊娠第 3 周起，大鼠母鼠喂食对照或低能量饮食。在 8 天大时，同胞被分为参与或不参与水中体力活动。最初将这些组分为正常能量（C）或低能量（LE）饮食。该研究包括来自初产 Wistar 大鼠的 52 只雄性幼崽。从 8 到 52 天大，对幼崽进行水中运动。形成了 4 个实验组：不活动对照组（IC）、活跃对照组（AC）、不活跃低能量组（ILE）和活跃低能量组（ALE）。分析了反射成熟和幼崽运动的神经运动发育以及生化特征。
哺乳期，ILE 的体重范围（%）比 IC 低（38%，P < 0.05），而 ALE 的体重增长较低（29%，P < 0.05）与 AC 相比，与 ILE 相比更大（17%，P < 0.05）。第 21 天，LE 饮食组的体重下降（IC = 48.62 ± 1.36 g；AC = 48.30 ± 1.03 g；ILE = 30.49 ± 1.60 g；ALE = 39.38 ± 1.06 g，P < 0.05）。与对照饮食相比，LE 饮食延迟了幼崽从第 2 周到哺乳期结束的体生长，但 LE 组的早期体力活动改善了一些体生长参数（TL：IC = 68.87 ± 1.00 mm，AC = 68.80 ± 1.10 mm，ILE = 60.21 ± 1.14 mm，ALE = 64.61 ± 0.55 mm；LA：IC = 113.21 ± 1.73 mm，AC = 113.33 ± 1.37 mm，ILE = 99.40 ± 1.67 mm，ALE = 106.76 ± 0.79 mm；APAS：IC = 37.10 ± 0.32 mm，AC：37.18 ± 0.23 mm，ILE = 34.11 ± 0.33 mm，ALE = 35.84 ± 0.30 mm；LLAS：IC = 18.71 ± 0.24 mm，AC = 19.00 ± 0.16 mm，ILE = 17.10 ± 0.19 mm，ALE = 17.87 ± 0.11 mm，P < 0.05）和反射发生。然而，在运动活动中观察到的变化较少（P > 0.05）。60 天时，各组的食物摄入量和鼠类测量值没有差异，但 ILE 的血糖水平较低（IC = 4.14 ± 0.23 mmol/l，AC = 3.70 ± 0.22 mmol/l，ILE = 3.38 ± 0.20 mmol/l，ALE = 4.17 ± 0.09 mmol/l，P < 0.05）。
综上所述，我们建议在围产期期间，母鼠的水中体力活动作为 LE 饮食的有益因素。需要进一步研究以调查体力活动对适应不良营养刺激的作用。
