Santana Muniz Gisélia, Beserra Renata, da Silva Giselle de Paula, Fragoso Jéssica, Lira Allan de Oliveira, Nascimento Elizabeth, Manhães de Castro Raul, Leandro Carol Góis
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680 Recife, PE, Brazil.
Physiol Behav. 2014 Apr 22;129:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.02.027. Epub 2014 Feb 21.
The main goals of this study were to classify dams according to the level of voluntary physical activity before breeding and during pregnancy/lactation and to evaluate the effects on growth trajectory and reflex ontogenesis of offspring. Voluntary physical activity was ranked by traveled distance, time and daily estimated calorie burned. Thirty-five female Wistar rats were classified as control (C, n=5), inactive (I, n=10), active (A, n=8) and very active (VA, n=12). During 30d before breeding, traveled distance, average speed, time and calorie burned were daily recorded for active and very active groups. Traveled distance was recorded each 2h every day of adaptation. Body weight, food intake and fasting glycemia were measured throughout the experiment. During lactation, litters were evaluated in terms of physical features and reflex ontogeny. VA showed a progressive increase in the traveled distance and time while A dams presented constant values. VA rats showed lower body weight and higher food intake. During pregnancy, both groups performed less than 1km/day. Pups from A and VA dams showed higher lateral-lateral axis of the skull, longitudinal axis, tail length, and anticipation of the pavilion and auditory canal opening, and erupting incisors. I, A and VA groups showed a delay of righting, cliff aversion and vibrissae placing reflexes. In conclusion, active maternal phenotype is established before breeding allowing mothers to fit ecological and influencing growth trajectory outcomes and reflex ontogeny of the offspring based on matrilineal experience.
本研究的主要目的是根据繁殖前以及怀孕/哺乳期间的自主身体活动水平对母鼠进行分类，并评估其对后代生长轨迹和反射发育的影响。自主身体活动通过行进距离、时间以及每日估计消耗的卡路里来进行排名。35只雌性Wistar大鼠被分为对照组（C，n = 5）、不活跃组（I，n = 10）、活跃组（A，n = 8）和非常活跃组（VA，n = 12）。在繁殖前的30天里，每天记录活跃组和非常活跃组的行进距离、平均速度、时间和消耗的卡路里。在适应期的每一天，每2小时记录一次行进距离。在整个实验过程中测量体重、食物摄入量和空腹血糖。在哺乳期间，对幼崽的身体特征和反射发育进行评估。非常活跃组的行进距离和时间呈逐渐增加趋势，而活跃组母鼠的数值保持恒定。非常活跃组的大鼠体重较低但食物摄入量较高。在怀孕期间，两组的行进距离均小于1公里/天。来自活跃组和非常活跃组母鼠的幼崽，其颅骨的左右轴、纵轴、尾巴长度、耳廓和耳道开口的发育以及门牙萌出情况均更好。不活跃组、活跃组和非常活跃组的幼崽在翻正反射、悬崖回避反射和触须放置反射方面均出现延迟。总之，活跃的母体表型在繁殖前就已确立，这使母亲能够适应环境，并根据母系经验影响后代的生长轨迹和反射发育。
