Fragoso Jéssica, Lira Allan de Oliveira, Chagas Guilherme Souza, Lucena Cavalcanti Carolina Cadete, Beserra Renata, de Santana-Muniz Gisélia, Bento-Santos Adriano, Martins Gerffeson, Pirola Luciano, da Silva Aragão Raquel, Leandro Carol Góis
Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, CAV, Federal University of Pernambuco, 55608-680, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Exp Physiol. 2017 Nov 1;102(11):1486-1499. doi: 10.1113/EP086400. Epub 2017 Sep 24.
What is the central question of this study? In the present study, a reproducible model of maternal voluntary physical activity was developed to evaluate the adaptive response of physical activity by attenuating the effects of maternal undernutrition on physical features, reflex ontogeny and growth trajectory of offspring during development. What is the main finding and its importance? Maternal physical activity may induce neuronal maturation of sensorimotor connections impacting on the patterns of locomotor activity in malnourished offspring. Thus, physical activity should be considered as a therapeutic means of countering the effects of maternal undernutrition, by providing a useful strategy for enhancing the neuronal activity of children born to mothers who experience a restricted diet during pregnancy. This study evaluated the effects of maternal voluntary physical activity during pregnancy and lactation on somatic growth (SG), reflex ontogeny (RO) and locomotor activity (LA) of rats whose mothers were protein restricted. Virgin female Wistar rats were divided into the following six groups: control, normal protein (C-NP, n = 4); control, low protein (C-LP, n = 4); inactive, normal protein (I-NP, n = 8); inactive, low protein (I-LP, n = 7); very active, normal protein (VA-NP, n = 8); and very active, low protein (VA-LP, n = 6). Voluntary physical activity was recorded daily in dams. The LP groups were fed an 8% casein diet, whereas control groups were fed a 17% casein diet during pregnancy and lactation. Offspring were evaluated in terms of SG (body weight and length, latero-lateral skull axis and anteroposterior head axis) and RO (palmar grasp, righting, free-fall righting, negative geotaxis, cliff avoidance, auditory startle response and vibrissa placing). The LA was evaluated at 23, 45 and 60 days old in the open field. Voluntary physical activity was reduced during pregnancy and lactation independent of the maternal diet. Pups from LP dams showed delayed SG, reflex maturation and patterns of LA when compared with control pups. The C-LP and I-LP pups showed a delayed SG, RO and LA. Pups from VA-LP mothers showed no delay in SG and RO and presented a faster development of patterns of LA. Maternal voluntary physical activity attenuated the effects of LP diet on indicators of neurodevelopment and patterns of LA of offspring.
本研究的核心问题是什么？在本研究中，建立了一种可重复的母体自愿身体活动模型，以通过减弱母体营养不良对发育过程中后代身体特征、反射个体发育和生长轨迹的影响，来评估身体活动的适应性反应。主要发现及其重要性是什么？母体身体活动可能会诱导感觉运动连接的神经元成熟，从而影响营养不良后代的运动活动模式。因此，身体活动应被视为对抗母体营养不良影响的一种治疗手段，为增强孕期饮食受限母亲所生儿童的神经元活动提供一种有用的策略。本研究评估了孕期和哺乳期母体自愿身体活动对母亲蛋白质受限的大鼠的躯体生长（SG）、反射个体发育（RO）和运动活动（LA）的影响。未孕雌性Wistar大鼠被分为以下六组：对照组，正常蛋白质组（C-NP，n = 4）；对照组，低蛋白质组（C-LP，n = 4）；不活动组，正常蛋白质组（I-NP，n = 8）；不活动组，低蛋白质组（I-LP，n = 7）；非常活跃组，正常蛋白质组（VA-NP，n = 8）；非常活跃组，低蛋白质组（VA-LP，n = 6）。每天记录母鼠的自愿身体活动情况。LP组在怀孕和哺乳期喂食8%酪蛋白饮食，而对照组喂食17%酪蛋白饮食。从SG（体重和体长、左右颅骨轴和前后头轴）和RO（手掌抓握、翻正、自由落体翻正、负趋地性、悬崖回避、听觉惊吓反应和触须放置）方面对后代进行评估。在23、45和60日龄时在旷场中评估LA。孕期和哺乳期的自愿身体活动减少，且与母体饮食无关。与对照幼崽相比，LP母鼠的幼崽在SG、反射成熟和LA模式方面出现延迟。C-LP和I-LP幼崽在SG、RO和LA方面出现延迟。VA-LP母亲的幼崽在SG和RO方面没有延迟，并且LA模式发育更快。母体自愿身体活动减弱了LP饮食对后代神经发育指标和LA模式的影响。
