Virginia Tech, MC 0477, Washington Street, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
BMC Microbiol. 2013 Jan 16;13:8. doi: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-8.
MAP is a suspected zoonotic pathogen and the causative agent of Johne's Disease in cattle and other ruminant animals. With over $1 billion dollars in loss to the dairy industry due to Johne's Disease, efforts to eliminate or reduce MAP from cattle are of importance. The purpose of this study was to determine if daily intake of probiotics could eliminate or reduce Johne's Disease associated symptoms and pathogenesis by MAP. Post infection, animals are often asymptomatic carriers with limited shedding of the pathogen, proving early detection to be difficult. Disease and symptoms often appear 3-4 years after infection with antibiotic treatment proving ineffective. Symptoms include chronic gastrointestinal inflammation leading to severe weight-loss from poor feed and water intake cause a wasting disease. These symptoms are similar to those found in individuals with Crohn's Disease (CD); MAP has been implicated by not proven to be the causative agent of CD. Probiotics administered to livestock animals, including dairy and beef cattle have demonstrated improvements in cattle performance and health. Our objectives included determining the benefits of Lactobacillus animalis (strain name: NP-51) in MAP infected BALB/c mice by evaluating systemic and gastrointestinal response by the host and gut microbiota. Male and female animals were fed 1×106 CFU/g probiotics in sterile, powdered mouse chow daily and infected with 1 × 107 CFU/ml MAP and compared to controls. Animals were evaluated for 180 days to assess acute and chronic stages of disease, with sample collection from animals every 45 days. MAP concentrations from liver and intestinal tissues were examined using real time-PCR methods and the expression of key inflammatory markers were measured during MAP infection (interferon-gamma [IFN-Υ], Interleukin-1α, IL-12, IL-10, IL-6, and Tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]).
Our results demonstrate administration of probiotics reduces production of IFN-Υ and IL-6 while increasing TNF-α and IL-17 in chronic disease; healthful immune responses that reduce chronic inflammation associated to MAP infection.
We observed that the immune system's response in the presence of probiotics to MAP contributes towards host health by influencing the activity of the immune system and gut microbial populations.
MAP 是一种疑似人畜共患病病原体，也是牛和其他反刍动物中约氏病的病原体。由于约氏病，乳品业损失超过 10 亿美元，因此努力消除或减少牛中的 MAP 非常重要。本研究的目的是确定每天摄入益生菌是否可以消除或减少 MAP 引起的约氏病相关症状和发病机制。感染后，动物通常无症状携带，病原体的脱落有限，证明早期检测很困难。疾病和症状通常在感染后 3-4 年出现，抗生素治疗无效。症状包括慢性胃肠道炎症，导致严重的体重减轻，因为摄入不良的饲料和水导致消瘦病。这些症状与克罗恩病（CD）患者相似；MAP 被认为是 CD 的病原体，但尚未得到证实。益生菌被用于牲畜，包括奶牛和肉牛，已证明对牛的性能和健康有改善。我们的目标包括通过评估宿主和肠道微生物群的全身和胃肠道反应，确定 Lactobacillus animalis（菌株名称：NP-51）在 MAP 感染 BALB/c 小鼠中的益处。雄性和雌性动物每天喂食 1×106 CFU/g 益生菌的无菌、粉末状鼠粮，并以 1×107 CFU/ml MAP 感染，并与对照组进行比较。动物评估 180 天，以评估疾病的急性和慢性阶段，每 45 天从动物收集样本。使用实时 PCR 方法检查肝和肠道组织中的 MAP 浓度，并在 MAP 感染期间测量关键炎症标志物的表达（干扰素-γ[IFN-Υ]、白细胞介素-1α、IL-12、IL-10、IL-6 和肿瘤坏死因子-α[TNF-α]）。
我们的结果表明，益生菌的给药减少了慢性疾病中 IFN-Υ 和 IL-6 的产生，同时增加了 TNF-α 和 IL-17；这些是减少与 MAP 感染相关的慢性炎症的健康免疫反应。
我们观察到，在存在益生菌的情况下，免疫系统对 MAP 的反应通过影响免疫系统和肠道微生物群的活性，有助于宿主健康。
