Dulf Francisc V, Pamfil Doru, Baciu Adriana D, Pintea Adela
University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, 400372, Romania.
Chem Cent J. 2013 Jan 17;7(1):8. doi: 10.1186/1752-153X-7-8.
Calendula officinalis L. (pot marigold) is an annual aromatic herb with yellow or golden-orange flowers, native to the Mediterranean climate areas. Their seeds contain significant amounts of oil (around 20%), of which about 60% is calendic acid. For these reasons, in Europe concentrated research efforts have been directed towards the development of pot marigold as an oilseed crop for industrial purposes.
The oil content and fatty acid composition of major lipid fractions in seeds from eleven genotypes of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) were determined. The lipid content of seeds varied between 13.6 and 21.7 g oil/100 g seeds. The calendic and linoleic acids were the two dominant fatty acids in total lipid (51.4 to 57.6% and 28.5 to 31.9%) and triacylglycerol (45.7 to 54.7% and 22.6 to 29.2%) fractions. Polar lipids were also characterised by higher unsaturation ratios (with the PUFAs content between 60.4 and 66.4%), while saturates (consisted mainly of palmitic and very long-chain saturated fatty acids) were found in higher amounts in sterol esters (ranging between 49.3 and 55.7% of total fatty acids).
All the pot marigold seed oils investigated contain high levels of calendic acid (more than 50% of total fatty acids), making them favorable for industrial use. The compositional differences between the genotypes should be considered when breeding and exploiting the pot marigold seeds for nutraceutical and pharmacological purposes.
金盏花是一种一年生芳香草本植物，花朵呈黄色或金橙色，原产于地中海气候地区。其种子含有大量油脂（约20%），其中约60%是 calendic 酸。因此，在欧洲，人们集中开展了研究工作，致力于将金盏花开发成一种用于工业目的的油料作物。
测定了11个金盏花基因型种子中主要脂质组分的油含量和脂肪酸组成。种子的脂质含量在13.6至21.7克油/100克种子之间变化。calendic 酸和亚油酸是总脂质（51.4%至57.6%和28.5%至31.9%）和三酰甘油（45.7%至54.7%和22.6%至29.2%）组分中的两种主要脂肪酸。极性脂质的不饱和比例也较高（多不饱和脂肪酸含量在60.4%至66.4%之间），而饱和脂肪酸（主要由棕榈酸和极长链饱和脂肪酸组成）在甾醇酯中的含量较高（占总脂肪酸的49.3%至55.7%）。
所有研究的金盏花种子油都含有高水平的 calendic 酸（占总脂肪酸的50%以上），这使其有利于工业应用。在为营养保健和药理目的培育和利用金盏花种子时，应考虑基因型之间的成分差异。
