Understanding family motivations and barriers to participation in community-based programs for overweight youth: one program model does not fit all.

CONTEXT

Successful obesity intervention efforts depend on effective recruitment and retention, an ongoing challenge for community-based programs.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to provide insights into the most salient factors affecting family enrollment and retention in community-based programs for overweight youth and their families. We especially sought to understand potentially modifiable program factors affecting participation.

DESIGN

: We conducted semistructured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with parents of overweight children within 1 year of referral to a public health grant-funded community-based healthy lifestyle promotion program. Purposeful sampling was used to select participants across program sites, by level of program completion, and child age and sex. Transcribed interviews were coded independently by 2 staff with a structured codebook and then analyzed by themes through an iterative process using Atlas.ti. The Integrative Model of Behavior served as an orienting theoretical framework.

SETTING

Community-based child obesity intervention program in King County, Washington.

PARTICIPANTS

Twenty-three parents from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds were interviewed, of which 10 completed the program, 9 did not complete, and 4 did not enroll.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Parent-reported factors related to enrollment and retention.

RESULTS

Key parent reasons for program enrollment included: (a) addressing both eating and activity, (b) concern about child's weight, (c) seeking help outside the family, and (d) structured parent-child time. Parents perceived a lack of child motivation to enroll; some youth initially opposed attending, which was overcome through positive program experience. All families described barriers to attending, and some identified specific strategies or skills they used to overcome barriers. No single program design emerged to address every family's needs. Instead, using the themes of accessibility and accountability, we present parent- recommended design options.

CONCLUSIONS

To meet different families' needs, public health and health care agencies offering youth health promotion programs should consider providing program options that vary intensity level and weight loss emphasis.