Minimal effective dose of magnesium sulfate for attenuation of intubation response in hypertensive patients.

STUDY OBJECTIVE

To study the minimal effective dose of magnesium sulfate to control blood pressure (BP) during intubation in hypertensive patients.

DESIGN

Prospective, randomized, double-blind study.

SETTING

Operating room of an academic medical center.

PATIENTS

80 adult, ASA physical status 1 and 2, controlled hypertensive patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia and requiring endotracheal intubation.

INTERVENTIONS

Patients were randomized to 4 groups. Patients in study groups received a magnesium sulfate infusion at a dose of 30 (Group I), 40 (Group II), or 50 mg/kg (Group III) before induction of anesthesia, while patients in control group (Group IV) received a 1.5 mg/kg lidocaine bolus 90 seconds before intubation. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with a propofol infusion. Laryngoscopy and intubation were performed 4 minutes after administration of vecuronium.

MEASUREMENTS

Heart rate (HR) and BP were recorded before, during, and after endotracheal intubation for 10 minutes. Measures to manage hemodynamic instability were recorded. Serum magnesium levels were also recorded.

MAIN RESULTS

The changes in HR were comparable among groups. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was maintained within normal limits in Group I patients while Groups II and III patients showed a significant decrease in MAP (P = 0.01) compared with baseline. A total of 6 patients (30%) in Group II and 10 patients (50%) in Group III required interventions (P = 0.001). No patient in Group I and only one patient (5%) in Group IV required intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

Magnesium 30 mg/kg is the optimum dose to control BP during intubation in hypertensive patients. A further increase in the dose of magnesium may cause significant hypotension.