Domijan Ana-Marija
Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2012 Dec;63(4):531-44. doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2239.
Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. moulds that contaminate crop, predominantly maize, all around the world. More than 15 types of fumonisins have been indentified so far, but FB(1) is the most abundant and toxicologically the most significant one. FB(1) has a wide range of toxic effects, depending on animal species. In horses FB(1) causes equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM), in pigs pulmonary oedema and in experimental rodents nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. In humans exposure to FB(1) is linked with higher incidence of primary liver cancer and oesophageal cancer, which are frequent in certain regions of the world (such as Transkei region in South Africa) where maize is staple food. The occurrence of neural tube defect in children in some countries of Central America (such as Mexico and Honduras) is connected with the consumption of FB(1)-contaminated maize-based food. However, possible involvement of FB(1) in the development of human diseases is not clear. Nevertheless, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified FB(1) as a possible carcinogen to humans (group 2B). FB(1) is a causative agent of ELEM, a brain disorder in equines, indicating that brain is a target organ of FB(1) toxicity. Several studies on experimental animals or on cell cultures of neural origin have established that FB(1) has a neurodegenerative potential, although the mechanism of its neurotoxicity is still vague. The aim of this article is to give an overview of available literature on FB(1) neurotoxicity and involved mechanisms, and to offer a new perspective for future studies.
伏马毒素B1（FB1）是由镰刀菌属霉菌产生的一种霉菌毒素，这种霉菌在全球范围内污染农作物，主要是玉米。到目前为止，已鉴定出15种以上的伏马毒素，但FB1含量最高，在毒理学上也最为重要。FB1具有广泛的毒性作用，这取决于动物种类。在马身上，FB1会导致马脑白质软化症（ELEM），在猪身上会引发肺水肿，在实验啮齿动物身上会导致肾毒性和肝毒性。在人类中，接触FB1与原发性肝癌和食道癌的较高发病率有关，在世界某些地区（如南非的特兰斯凯地区），玉米是主食，这些癌症很常见。中美洲一些国家（如墨西哥和洪都拉斯）儿童神经管缺陷的发生与食用受FB1污染的玉米类食品有关。然而，FB1在人类疾病发展中的可能作用尚不清楚。尽管如此，国际癌症研究机构（IARC）已将FB1归类为对人类可能的致癌物（2B组）。FB1是马脑白质软化症（一种马的脑部疾病）的病原体，表明大脑是FB1毒性的靶器官。几项针对实验动物或神经源性细胞培养的研究表明，FB1具有神经退行性潜力，尽管其神经毒性机制仍不明确。本文的目的是概述关于FB1神经毒性及其相关机制的现有文献，并为未来的研究提供新的视角。
