Piecková Elena
Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2012 Dec;63(4):545-9. doi: 10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2221.
Building associated illnesses - sick building syndrome (SBS) as a common example - are associated with staying in buildings with poor indoor air quality. The importance of indoor fungal growth in this phenomenon continues to be evident, even though no causative relation has been established so far. Indoor humidity is strongly associated with the symptoms of SBS. Fungal metabolites that may induce ill health in susceptible occupants comprise beta-D-glucan, mycotoxins, and volatile organic compounds as known irritants and/or immunomodulators. Indoor toxic fungal metabolites might be located in micromycetal propagules (endometabolites), in (bio-)aerosol, detritus, and house dust (exometabolites) as their particular carriers. It is highly probable that hyphal fragments, dust, and particles able to reach the alveoli have the strongest depository and toxic potential. Most fungal spores are entrapped by the upper respiratory tract and do not reach further than the bronchi because of their size, morphology, and the mode of propagation (such as slime heads and aggreggation). This is why studies of the toxic effects of fungal spores prefer directly applying metabolite mixtures over mimicking real exposure. Chronic low-level exposure to a mixture of fungal toxicants and other indoor stressors may have synergistic effects and lead to severe neuroendocrineimmune changes.
建筑物相关疾病——以常见的病态建筑综合征（SBS）为例——与待在室内空气质量差的建筑物中有关。尽管目前尚未确定因果关系，但室内真菌生长在这一现象中的重要性依然明显。室内湿度与SBS的症状密切相关。可能会使易感居住者健康受损的真菌代谢产物包括β-D-葡聚糖、霉菌毒素以及作为已知刺激物和/或免疫调节剂的挥发性有机化合物。室内有毒真菌代谢产物可能存在于微真菌繁殖体（内代谢产物）、（生物）气溶胶、碎屑和室内灰尘（外代谢产物）中，这些是它们的特定载体。很有可能能够到达肺泡的菌丝片段、灰尘和颗粒具有最强的沉积和毒性潜力。大多数真菌孢子由于其大小、形态和传播方式（如黏液头和聚集）而被上呼吸道截留，最远只能到达支气管。这就是为什么对真菌孢子毒性作用的研究更倾向于直接应用代谢产物混合物，而不是模拟实际暴露情况。长期低水平接触真菌毒素混合物和其他室内应激源可能会产生协同效应，并导致严重的神经内分泌免疫变化。
