美国公园和绿地分布的空间差异。
Spatial disparities in the distribution of parks and green spaces in the USA.
机构信息
Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2013 Feb;45 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S18-27. doi: 10.1007/s12160-012-9426-x.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Little national evidence is available on spatial disparities in distributions of parks and green spaces in the USA.
PURPOSE
This study examines ecological associations of spatial access to parks and green spaces with percentages of black, Hispanic, and low-income residents across the urban-rural continuum in the conterminous USA.
METHODS
Census tract-level park and green space data were linked with data from the 2010 U.S. Census and 2006-2010 American Community Surveys. Linear mixed regression models were performed to examine these associations.
RESULTS
Poverty levels were negatively associated with distances to parks and percentages of green spaces in urban/suburban areas while positively associated in rural areas. Percentages of blacks and Hispanics were in general negatively linked to distances to parks and green space coverage along the urban-rural spectrum.
CONCLUSIONS
Place-based race-ethnicity and poverty are important correlates of spatial access to parks and green spaces, but the associations vary across the urbanization levels.
摘要
背景
美国在公园和绿色空间分布的空间差异方面几乎没有国家层面的证据。
目的
本研究在美国城乡连续体上，考察了公园和绿色空间可达性与黑人和西班牙裔以及低收入居民比例的空间分布的生态关联。
方法
将普查区层面的公园和绿色空间数据与 2010 年美国人口普查和 2006-2010 年美国社区调查的数据相联系。采用线性混合回归模型来检验这些关联。
结果
在城市/郊区，贫困水平与到公园的距离和绿色空间的百分比呈负相关，而在农村地区则呈正相关。黑人和西班牙裔的比例总体上与城乡范围内公园和绿色空间覆盖的可达性呈负相关。
结论
基于位置的种族和民族以及贫困是影响公园和绿色空间可达性的重要因素，但这些关联在城市化水平上有所不同。
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