Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, NC, USA; Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Department of Parks, Recreation, and Tourism Management, NC State University, NC, USA; Center for Geospatial Analytics, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Prev Med. 2020 Feb;131:105948. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105948. Epub 2019 Dec 10.
Urban parks provide spaces and facilities for children's physical activity (PA) and can be a free resource in low-income communities. This study examined whether neighborhood characteristics were associated with children's park use and park-based moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in low-income diverse communities and how associations differed between ethnic groups. Data on park visits and MVPA came from 16,402 children 5-10-years old directly observed using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities in 20 parks in low-income neighborhoods with majority Latino or Asian populations in New York City. Neighborhood characteristics included land use mix (LUM), street audits, crime rates, and an area deprivation index. We employed Poisson and negative binomial models to estimate effects of neighborhood-level variables on the number of children observed in parks and engaging in MVPA, overall and by ethnicity. Results for Asian, Latino, and African American children indicated that higher levels of LUM and pedestrian-friendly streets were associated with greater numbers of children in parks and higher MVPA across all three groups. For Asian and Latino children only, quality of environment was positively associated with MVPA, whereas level of deprivation and crime rates in the surrounding neighborhood were negatively associated with children's park-based MVPA. In contrast, a park's access to public transportation was negatively associated with number of all children observed and engaging in MVPA. Study findings suggest that park-based MVPA interventions can be informed by understanding how neighborhood characteristics facilitate and constrain park use and park-based MVPA.
城市公园为儿童的体育活动（PA）提供了空间和设施，并且在低收入社区中可以成为一种免费资源。本研究考察了邻里特征是否与低收入多元化社区中儿童使用公园和基于公园的中等到剧烈体力活动（MVPA）有关，以及这些关联在不同种族群体之间有何不同。来自纽约市低收入社区 20 个公园的 16402 名 5-10 岁儿童的数据，通过社区中观察游戏和娱乐系统（SOOPAR）直接观察到他们的公园访问和 MVPA 情况，这些公园的主要人口是拉丁裔或亚裔。邻里特征包括土地利用混合度（LUM）、街道审计、犯罪率和一个区域剥夺指数。我们采用泊松和负二项模型来估计邻里层面变量对观察到的在公园中儿童数量和参与 MVPA 的影响，总体和按族裔群体进行分析。对于亚裔、拉丁裔和非裔美国儿童的结果表明，更高水平的 LUM 和行人友好型街道与所有三个群体中更多的儿童在公园中以及更高的 MVPA 相关。仅对于亚裔和拉丁裔儿童，环境质量与 MVPA 呈正相关，而周围社区的剥夺程度和犯罪率与儿童基于公园的 MVPA 呈负相关。相比之下，公园与公共交通的连接与观察到的所有儿童的数量以及参与 MVPA 呈负相关。研究结果表明，通过了解邻里特征如何促进和限制公园使用和基于公园的 MVPA，可以为基于公园的 MVPA 干预措施提供信息。
