RAND Corporation, 156 2nd St, San Francisco, CA, 94105, USA.
School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, 1402 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2013, USA.
J Urban Health. 2018 Apr;95(2):222-231. doi: 10.1007/s11524-017-0221-7.
We examined individual and environmental influences on park use among residents of two low-income predominantly African American neighborhoods to identify determinants of park use in lower-income urban neighborhoods. We analyzed data from interviews of 1003 individuals randomly selected from the neighborhoods, systematic observations of neighborhood parks, and police-recorded crime incidence within a .5-mi buffer around each park. Most participants (82.4%) had previously visited a neighborhood park, and nearly half (46.2%) had visited one in the past month. However, only 8.5% of participants were aware of their closest park. Compared with the parks closest to home, parks that participants reported visiting most were larger and had more amenities and features and fewer incivilities and reported crimes of a serious nature. Park use among residents of lower-income neighborhoods may be increased by offering more amenities and features and ensuring the presence of a well-appointed park within easy walking distance of residents' homes.
我们研究了两个低收入、以非裔美国人为主的社区居民的个人和环境因素对公园使用的影响，以确定低收入城市社区公园使用的决定因素。我们分析了从社区中随机抽取的 1003 名个人的访谈、社区公园的系统观察以及每个公园周围.5 英里缓冲区的警方记录的犯罪发生率的数据。大多数参与者（82.4%）曾去过附近的公园，近一半（46.2%）曾在过去一个月内去过一次。然而，只有 8.5%的参与者知道离家最近的公园。与离家最近的公园相比，参与者报告访问最多的公园更大，有更多的便利设施和特色，以及更少的不文明行为和报告的严重性质的犯罪。通过提供更多的便利设施和特色，并确保在居民家门口附近有一个设备齐全的公园，低收入社区居民的公园使用率可能会增加。
