Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
Psychol Health. 2013;28(7):784-99. doi: 10.1080/08870446.2012.759224. Epub 2013 Jan 21.
The present study addresses gaps in the literature on affect-biased health perceptions by (a) investigating health bias while considering both valence and arousal components of affect; (b) establishing the presence of, and variability in, affective health bias at the daily level; and (c) exploring daily health bias in a non-clinical, community sample of adults.
Participants were 477 adults (aged 33-80 years) who reported daily health events, health satisfaction and affect for up to 56 days. Health bias was present when the effect of a given day's health events on that day's health satisfaction was significantly moderated by that day's affect. Multilevel modelling was used to investigate fixed and random within-day effects.
Daily health satisfaction.
Significant interaction effects indicated the presence of health bias on the daily level: positively valenced affect buffered the negative impact of health events on health satisfaction, whereas negatively valenced affect exacerbated this association; additionally, valence emerged as the most salient characteristic of positive affect, whereas arousal was a differentiating factor for negative affect.
The results provide evidence that both valence and arousal components of affect are important to consider when investigating day-level health bias, and that these effects can be detected using a general population of adults.
本研究通过（a）在考虑情感的效价和唤醒成分的同时，研究健康偏见；（b）在每日水平上确定并量化情感健康偏见的存在和变化；（c）在非临床的成年社区样本中探索日常健康偏见，来解决情感偏向健康感知文献中的空白。
参与者为 477 名成年人（年龄 33-80 岁），他们在最多 56 天内报告了日常健康事件、健康满意度和情感。当某一天的健康事件对当天的健康满意度的影响受到当天情感的显著调节时，就存在健康偏见。采用多层次模型来研究固定和随机的日内效应。
每日健康满意度。
显著的交互效应表明，在每日水平上存在健康偏见：积极的情感缓冲了健康事件对健康满意度的负面影响，而消极的情感则加剧了这种关联；此外，效价成为积极情感的最显著特征，而唤醒则是消极情感的区分因素。
研究结果表明，在研究每日健康偏见时，情感的效价和唤醒成分都很重要，并且可以使用一般的成年人群体来检测这些影响。
