Academic Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free Campus, UCL Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2013 Feb;33(1):95-115. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2012.10.006. Epub 2012 Dec 21.
The mechanisms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation are complex. Respiratory viruses (in particular rhinovirus) and bacteria play a major role in the cause of these events. A distinct group of patients seems susceptible to frequent exacerbations, irrespective of disease severity, and this phenotype is stable over time. Many current therapeutic strategies help reduce exacerbation frequency. Further work is required to develop novel anti-inflammatory therapies for exacerbation prevention and treatment. This article focuses on the cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations, and the current preventative and acute interventions available.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病加重的机制很复杂。呼吸道病毒（尤其是鼻病毒）和细菌在这些事件的发生中起主要作用。有一类特殊的患者似乎容易频繁发生加重，与疾病严重程度无关，而且这种表型随时间稳定。许多当前的治疗策略有助于降低加重的频率。需要进一步的工作来开发预防和治疗加重的新型抗炎疗法。本文重点介绍慢性阻塞性肺疾病加重的原因，以及当前可用的预防和急性干预措施。
