Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
ISME J. 2013 Apr;7(4):781-90. doi: 10.1038/ismej.2012.156. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
Animals are colonized by complex bacterial communities. The processes controlling community membership and influencing the establishment of the microbial ecosystem during development are poorly understood. Here we aimed to explore the assembly of bacterial communities in Hydra with the broader goal of elucidating the general rules that determine the temporal progression of bacterial colonization of animal epithelia. We profiled the microbial communities in polyps at various time points after hatching in four replicates. The composition and temporal patterns of the bacterial communities were strikingly similar in all replicates. Distinct features included high diversity of community profiles in the first week, a remarkable but transient adult-like profile 2 weeks after hatching, followed by progressive emergence of a stable adult-like pattern characterized by low species diversity and the preponderance of the Betaproteobacterium Curvibacter. Intriguingly, this process displayed important parallels to the assembly of human fecal communities after birth. In addition, a mathematical modeling approach was used to uncover the organizational principles of this colonization process, suggesting that both, local environmental or host-derived factor(s) modulating the colonization rate, as well as frequency-dependent interactions of individual bacterial community members are important aspects in the emergence of a stable bacterial community at the end of development.
动物被复杂的细菌群落定植。控制群落成员组成并影响发育过程中微生物生态系统建立的过程还知之甚少。在这里，我们旨在探索水螅中细菌群落的组装，更广泛的目标是阐明决定动物上皮细菌定植的时间进程的一般规律。我们在四个重复中，在孵化后不同时间点对息肉中的微生物群落进行了分析。所有重复中，细菌群落的组成和时间模式惊人地相似。显著特征包括在第一周内社区档案的多样性很高，在孵化后 2 周时出现一个显著但短暂的成人样模式，随后逐渐出现稳定的成人样模式，其特征是物种多样性低，β变形菌科的弯曲杆菌属占优势。有趣的是，这个过程与人类粪便群落的组装显示出重要的相似性。此外，还使用数学建模方法来揭示这种定植过程的组织原则，表明调节定植率的局部环境或宿主来源因素以及个体细菌群落成员的频率依赖性相互作用，都是在发育结束时形成稳定细菌群落的重要方面。
