Centre for Economic Demography, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Demography. 2013 Aug;50(4):1197-216. doi: 10.1007/s13524-012-0188-7.
Several studies have shown strong educational homogamy in most Western societies, although the trends over time differ across countries. In this article, we study the connection between educational assortative mating and gender-specific earnings in a sample containing the entire Swedish population born 1960-1974; we follow this sample from 1990 to 2009. Our empirical strategy exploits a longitudinal design, using distributed fixed-effects models capturing the impact of partner education on postmarital earnings, relating it to the income development before union formation. We find that being partnered with someone with more education (hypergamy) is associated with higher earnings, while partnering someone with less education (hypogamy) is associated with lower earnings. However, most of these differences in earnings emerge prior to the time of marriage, implying that the effect is explained by marital selection processes rather than by partner education affecting earnings. The exception is hypogamy among the highly educated, for which there are strong indications that in comparison with homogamy and hypergamy, earnings grow slower after union formation.
多项研究表明，在大多数西方社会中存在强烈的教育同质婚姻倾向，尽管随着时间的推移，这种趋势在各国之间存在差异。在本文中，我们研究了在一个包含 1960-1974 年出生的所有瑞典人口的样本中，教育匹配婚姻与性别特定收入之间的关系；我们从 1990 年跟踪到 2009 年。我们的实证策略利用了纵向设计，使用分布式固定效应模型来捕捉伴侣教育对婚后收入的影响，将其与婚前的收入发展联系起来。我们发现，与受教育程度较高的人（上嫁）结婚与收入较高有关，而与受教育程度较低的人（下嫁）结婚则与收入较低有关。然而，这些收入差异中的大部分是在婚姻之前出现的，这意味着这种效应是由婚姻选择过程解释的，而不是伴侣教育影响收入。例外情况是高学历人群中的下嫁，有强烈迹象表明，与同质婚姻和上嫁相比，婚后收入增长较慢。
