Department of Radiology, Penn State University, PO Box 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2013 Feb;200(2):W204-12. doi: 10.2214/AJR.12.9560.
Pediatric breast masses are relatively rare and most are benign. Most are either secondary to normal developmental changes or neoplastic processes with a relatively benign behavior. To fully understand pediatric breast disease, it is important to have a firm comprehension of normal development and of the various tumors that can arise. Physical examination and targeted history (including family history) are key to appropriate patient management. When indicated, ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice. The purpose of this article is to review the benign breast conditions that arise as part of the spectrum of normal breast development, as well as the usually benign but neoplastic process that may develop within an otherwise normal breast. Rare primary carcinomas and metastatic lesions to the pediatric breast will also be addressed. The associated imaging findings will be reviewed, as well as treatment strategies for clinical management of the pediatric patient with signs or symptoms of breast disease.
The majority of breast abnormalities in the pediatric patient are benign, but malignancies do occur. Careful attention to patient presentation, history, and clinical findings will help guide appropriate imaging and therapeutic decisions.
小儿乳房肿块相对少见，多数为良性。大多数是由于正常发育变化或具有相对良性行为的肿瘤性病变引起。为了全面了解小儿乳房疾病，必须牢固掌握正常发育以及可能发生的各种肿瘤。体格检查和有针对性的病史（包括家族史）是患者管理的关键。在有指征的情况下，超声是首选的成像方式。本文旨在回顾在正常乳房发育过程中出现的良性乳房疾病，以及在正常乳房内可能发生的通常为良性但具有肿瘤性的病变。罕见的原发性乳腺癌和小儿乳房的转移性病变也将被讨论。将回顾相关的影像学表现，以及对于有乳房疾病体征或症状的小儿患者的临床管理的治疗策略。
小儿患者的大多数乳房异常为良性，但也存在恶性肿瘤。仔细关注患者的表现、病史和临床发现将有助于指导适当的影像学和治疗决策。
