Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine/Center for Malaria and Other Tropical Diseases, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
Nurs Health Sci. 2013 Sep;15(3):309-17. doi: 10.1111/nhs.12032. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
Migration has been associated with a greater vulnerability in health. Migrants, especially women, go through several experiences during the migration process and in the host countries that ultimately put their health at risk. This study examines self-reported health status and preventive behaviors among female and male immigrants in Portugal, and identifies sociodemographic and behavioral factors underlying gender differences. A sample of 1375 immigrants (51.1% women) was studied. Data were analyzed through logistic regression. Good health status was reported by 66.7% of men and by 56.6% of women (P < 0.001). Gender differences were also found across preventative behaviors. Among women and men, reported good health was associated with younger age, African and Brazilian origin (compared to Eastern European), secondary/higher education, no chronic disease, and concern about eating habits. Among women, good health was also associated with perceived sufficient income, no experience of mental illness, and regular physical exercise. When developing health programs to improve immigrants' health, special attention must be given to existing gender inequalities, and socioeconomic and cultural context, in accordance with their experience of living in the host country over time.
迁移与健康的脆弱性增加有关。移民，尤其是妇女，在迁移过程中和在东道国期间经历了多种经历，最终使他们的健康面临风险。本研究考察了葡萄牙女性和男性移民的自我报告健康状况和预防行为，并确定了导致性别差异的社会人口学和行为因素。研究了 1375 名移民（51.1%为女性）的样本。通过逻辑回归分析数据。66.7%的男性和 56.6%的女性报告健康状况良好（P<0.001）。预防行为方面也存在性别差异。在女性和男性中，报告健康状况良好与年龄较小、来自非洲和巴西（与东欧相比）、中等/高等教育、没有慢性疾病以及关注饮食习惯有关。对于女性来说，良好的健康状况还与感知到足够的收入、没有精神疾病经历和定期体育锻炼有关。在制定改善移民健康的卫生计划时，必须特别注意现有的性别不平等以及社会经济和文化背景，同时要根据他们在东道国的生活经历随时间而变化。
