Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Implement Sci. 2013 Jan 24;8:12. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-8-12.
The science of dissemination and implementation (D&I) is advancing the knowledge base for how best to integrate evidence-based interventions within clinical and community settings and how to recast the nature or conduct of the research itself to make it more relevant and actionable in those settings. While the field is growing, there are only a few training programs for D&I research; this is an important avenue to help build the field's capacity. To improve the United States' capacity for D&I research, the National Institutes of Health and Veterans Health Administration collaborated to develop a five-day training institute for postdoctoral level applicants aspiring to advance this science.
We describe the background, goals, structure, curriculum, application process, trainee evaluation, and future plans for the Training in Dissemination and Implementation Research in Health (TIDIRH).
The TIDIRH used a five-day residential immersion to maximize opportunities for trainees and faculty to interact. The train-the-trainer-like approach was intended to equip participants with materials that they could readily take back to their home institutions to increase interest and further investment in D&I. The TIDIRH curriculum included a balance of structured large group discussions and interactive small group sessions.Thirty-five of 266 applicants for the first annual training institute were accepted from a variety of disciplines, including psychology (12 trainees); medicine (6 trainees); epidemiology (5 trainees); health behavior/health education (4 trainees); and 1 trainee each from education & human development, health policy and management, health services research, public health studies, public policy and social work, with a maximum of two individuals from any one institution. The institute was rated as very helpful by attendees, and by six months after the institute, a follow-up survey (97% return rate) revealed that 72% had initiated a new grant proposal in D&I research; 28% had received funding, and 77% had used skills from TIDIRH to influence their peers from different disciplines about D&I research through building local research networks, organizing formal presentations and symposia, teaching and by leading interdisciplinary teams to conduct D&I research.
The initial TIDIRH training was judged successful by trainee evaluation at the conclusion of the week's training and six-month follow-up, and plans are to continue and possibly expand the TIDIRH in coming years. Strengths are seen as the residential format, quality of the faculty and their flexibility in adjusting content to meet trainee needs, and the highlighting of concrete D&I examples by the local host institution, which rotates annually. Lessons learned and plans for future TIDIRH trainings are summarized.
传播和实施科学（D&I）正在推进如何将循证干预措施最好地融入临床和社区环境的知识库，以及如何重塑研究本身的性质或实施，使其在这些环境中更具相关性和可操作性。尽管该领域正在发展，但针对 D&I 研究的培训计划却寥寥无几；这是帮助建立该领域能力的重要途径。为了提高美国在 D&I 研究方面的能力，美国国立卫生研究院和退伍军人健康管理局合作开发了一个为期五天的培训计划，面向渴望推进这一科学的博士后申请人。
我们描述了培训在传播和实施研究中的应用（TIDIRH）的背景、目标、结构、课程、申请流程、学员评估以及未来计划。
TIDIRH 采用为期五天的寄宿制沉浸式学习，最大限度地为学员和教师提供互动机会。这种类似培训培训师的方法旨在使参与者获得他们可以轻松带回自己机构的材料，以增加对 D&I 的兴趣并进一步投资。TIDIRH 的课程包括结构化的大型小组讨论和互动式小组会议的平衡。来自各种学科的 266 名培训申请的前一年度培训计划中，有 35 人被录取，包括心理学（12 名学员）；医学（6 名学员）；流行病学（5 名学员）；健康行为/健康教育（4 名学员）；教育与人类发展（1 名学员）；卫生政策与管理（1 名学员）；卫生服务研究（1 名学员）；公共卫生研究（1 名学员）；公共政策和社会工作（1 名学员），任何一个机构最多不超过两人。该研究所受到参与者的高度评价，在研究所结束后的六个月进行的后续调查（回复率为 97%）显示，72%的人已经在 D&I 研究中提出了新的资助提案；28%的人获得了资助，77%的人通过建立当地研究网络、组织正式演讲和研讨会、教学以及领导跨学科团队开展 D&I 研究，利用 TIDIRH 的技能来影响来自不同学科的同行了解 D&I 研究。
培训结束时和六个月的后续调查中，学员对初始 TIDIRH 培训的评估判断培训是成功的，并且计划在未来几年继续并可能扩大 TIDIRH。其优势在于住宿模式、教师的素质以及他们根据学员需求调整内容的灵活性，以及由当地主办机构突出的具体 D&I 示例，该机构每年轮换。总结了未来 TIDIRH 培训的经验教训和计划。
