Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-1086, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 Aug;15(8):1417-26. doi: 10.1093/ntr/nts344. Epub 2013 Jan 24.
A growing body of research documents racial/ethnic disparities in U.S. cigarette smoking. To date, however, few studies have examined the influence of nativity, in addition to race/ethnicity, on current and ever use of cigarettes as well as other tobacco products among young adults. Here, racial/ethnic and nativity disparities in tobacco use and self-identified smoking status are documented for U.S. women and men aged 18-34, both unadjusted and adjusted for socioeconomic status.
The Legacy Young Adult Cohort Study (N = 3,696) was used to examine gender-specific tobacco use and smoking status differences among foreign-born Hispanics, U.S.-born Hispanics, U.S.-born non-Hispanic Blacks, and U.S.-born non-Hispanic Whites. Prevalence estimates and multivariable models of ever tobacco use, current tobacco use, and self-identified smoking status were calculated.
U.S.-born Hispanics, Blacks, and Whites exhibit the highest levels of ever and current use across a range of tobacco products, whereas foreign-born Hispanics, particularly women, exhibit the lowest ever and current use of most products and are least likely to describe themselves as smokers. Controlling for socioeconomic covariates, current tobacco use is generally lower for most minority groups relative to Whites. Social or occasional smoking, however, is higher among U.S.-born Hispanics and Blacks.
The high level of tobacco use among U.S.-born young adults foreshadows substantial tobacco-related morbidity and mortality in the coming decades. Foreign-born Hispanic young adults, particularly women, exhibit the lowest levels of tobacco use. Future studies of tobacco use must differentiate racial/ethnic groups by nativity to better understand patterns of tobacco use.
越来越多的研究文献记录了美国吸烟方面的种族/民族差异。然而，迄今为止，很少有研究考察了除种族/民族以外的原籍国对美国年轻成年人当前和曾经使用香烟和其他烟草制品的影响。在这里，记录了美国 18-34 岁女性和男性在未调整和调整社会经济地位后，在使用烟草和自我认定吸烟状况方面的种族/民族和原籍国差异。
利用遗产青年队列研究（N=3696），检查了出生于国外的西班牙裔、出生于美国的西班牙裔、出生于美国的非西班牙裔黑人以及出生于美国的非西班牙裔白人中，性别特异性烟草使用和吸烟状况差异。计算了以往烟草使用、当前烟草使用和自我认定吸烟状况的流行率估计和多变量模型。
出生于美国的西班牙裔、黑人和白人在一系列烟草产品中表现出最高的以往和当前使用水平，而出生于国外的西班牙裔，尤其是女性，表现出以往和当前使用大多数产品的最低水平，并且最不可能将自己描述为吸烟者。控制社会经济协变量后，与白人相比，大多数少数群体的当前烟草使用通常较低。然而，美国出生的西班牙裔和黑人更倾向于社交或偶尔吸烟。
美国出生的年轻成年人烟草使用水平较高，预示着未来几十年与烟草相关的发病率和死亡率将大幅增加。出生于国外的西班牙裔年轻成年人，尤其是女性，表现出最低的烟草使用水平。未来的烟草使用研究必须根据原籍国区分种族/民族群体，以更好地了解烟草使用模式。
