Davies B N
Department of Physiology, Medical College of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;60(2):139-43. doi: 10.1007/BF00846034.
Twenty-three girls and 19 boys performed the handgrip and standing long jump (SLJ) tests. Their total forearm and leg volumes were calculated from circumference and length measurements and the lean volumes (bone + muscle) were calculated by making allowance for skinfold thickness. Although the boys were older than the girls (12.8 and 12.4 years), there was no significant difference in their heights or body masses. The absolute performances of the boys were superior to those of the girls in both tests (handgrip 234 and 205 N and SLJ 1.53 and 1.34 m), but when jumping performance was expressed as distance x body mass, there was no significant difference. In both tests, performance in terms of unit lean limb volume showed no significant gender difference. When performance was related to lean limb volume, both boys and girls showed a linear relationship in the two tests, with no significant difference between them. This absence of a gender difference contrasts with the results of a previous study on young adults and comparison shows that the relationships between lean limb volume and performance in the two tests for both boys and girls lie just below those of the young, adult females. The difference between the girls and the young adult females was just significant in the handgrip (p less than 0.05), but not significant in the SLJ (p greater than 0.25), whereas the differences between the boys and young adult males were significant (p less than 0.01) in both tests. Thus it would appear that a gender difference in the performance of skeletal muscle develops during adolescence and possible contributory factors are discussed.
23名女孩和19名男孩进行了握力和立定跳远测试。通过测量周长和长度计算出他们的前臂和腿部总体积，并通过考虑皮褶厚度计算出瘦体重（骨骼+肌肉）。尽管男孩比女孩年龄大（分别为12.8岁和12.4岁），但他们的身高和体重没有显著差异。在两项测试中，男孩的绝对成绩均优于女孩（握力分别为234N和205N，立定跳远分别为1.53m和1.34m），但当将跳跃成绩表示为距离×体重时，没有显著差异。在两项测试中，单位瘦肢体体积的表现没有显著的性别差异。当成绩与瘦肢体体积相关时，男孩和女孩在两项测试中均呈现线性关系，且两者之间没有显著差异。这种性别差异的不存在与之前一项针对年轻人的研究结果形成对比，比较表明，男孩和女孩在两项测试中瘦肢体体积与成绩之间的关系略低于年轻成年女性。女孩与年轻成年女性之间的差异仅在握力测试中显著（p小于0.05），而立定跳远测试中不显著（p大于0.25），而男孩与年轻成年男性之间的差异在两项测试中均显著（p小于0.01）。因此，骨骼肌表现的性别差异似乎在青春期出现，并对可能的促成因素进行了讨论。
