Davies B N, Greenwood E J, Jones S R
Department of Physiology, Medical College of St. Bartholomews Hospital, London, England.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1988;58(3):315-20. doi: 10.1007/BF00417269.
Groups of young, adult males and females performed the handgrip and standing long jump tests. Their total forearm and leg volumes were calculated from a series of circumference and length measurements, and the lean volumes (bone + muscle) calculated by taking the skinfold thickness into consideration. In the handgrip, the mean female performance was 298 N compared with 496 N for the males. In the standing long jump, mean performance expressed as distance x body mass was 87.3 kg.m for females compared with 137.7 kg.m for males. These superior performances of males could simply reflect their greater muscle mass, as the mean lean volumes of female and male limbs respectively were 0.54 l and 0.89 l for forearms, and 11.82 l and 14.82 l for the two legs. However, when the performances of males and females were grouped by lean limb volume, it was found that while in both tests there were linear relationships, males and females did not share a common line. In both tests the male relationship was at a higher level than the female; therefore, for a given lean volume, the male performance was significantly superior to that of the female. The gender difference found in this study has not been seen in other studies in which the performance of skeletal muscle has been related to the cross-sectional area of the active muscles and the possible reasons for the differences are considered.
将年轻成年男性和女性分成不同组，进行握力和立定跳远测试。通过一系列周长和长度测量计算出他们前臂和腿部的总体积，并考虑皮褶厚度计算出瘦体重（骨骼+肌肉）体积。在握力测试中，女性的平均成绩为298牛，而男性为496牛。在立定跳远测试中，以距离×体重表示的平均成绩，女性为87.3千克·米，男性为137.7千克·米。男性的这些优异表现可能仅仅反映了他们更大的肌肉量，因为女性和男性四肢的平均瘦体重，前臂分别为0.54升和0.89升，双腿分别为11.82升和14.82升。然而，当按四肢瘦体重对男性和女性的成绩进行分组时，发现虽然在两项测试中都存在线性关系，但男性和女性并不在同一条直线上。在两项测试中，男性的关系都处于比女性更高的水平；因此，对于给定的瘦体重，男性的表现明显优于女性。在其他将骨骼肌表现与活跃肌肉横截面积相关联并考虑差异可能原因的研究中，尚未发现本研究中所发现的性别差异。
