Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA.
J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Feb;27(2):434-41. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318281d1b0.
The purpose of this study was to track creatine kinase (CK) and serum cortisol over an American college football season starting with the preseason practice. A secondary purpose was to observe changes in basic clinical chemistries. Twenty-two National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players (age: 20.4 ± 1.1 years, height: 188.27 ± 8.3 cm, weight: 115.8 ± 29.7 kg) volunteered to participate in this study. Each of the players had participated in the summer strength and conditioning supervised program. Resting blood samples were obtained just before the start of preseason practice (T-1), 2 weeks later (T-2), and the day after game 2 (T-3), game 4 (T-4), game 6 (T-5), and game 9 (T-6) of a 12-game season. Creatine kinase, a panel of clinical chemistries, cortisol, and testosterone were assayed at each time point. No significant changes in CK concentrations were observed over the season with peak values of each range ≤1,070.0 IU·L(-1), but the largest range was observed at T-6 after game 9 (119-2,834 IU·L(-1). The analysis of covariance analysis demonstrated that the number of plays in the ninth game (T-6) explained the magnitude of the changes in CK. No changes in serum cortisol concentrations were observed yet, again large variations existed with peak values of each range ≤465.0 nmol·L(-1). Clinical chemistries showed various significant changes from T-1, but none were considered clinically relevant changes for any player over the time course of the study. In conclusion, the strength and conditioning program before preseason camp or the structure of summer camp practices and the in-season strength and conditioning appeared to mute muscle damage and the stress response of cortisol. Such data demonstrate that changes in muscle damage and adrenal cortical stress over the season are minimal, yet large individual variations can be observed. Management of these variables appears to be related to optimal strength and conditioning and sports medicine programs. Thus, the greater concerns for student-athlete safety in the sport of American football are related to preventing sudden death, traumatic injury, and managing concussion syndromes.
本研究的目的是从季前赛训练开始，跟踪肌酸激酶（CK）和血清皮质醇在一个美国大学橄榄球队赛季中的变化。次要目的是观察基本临床化学的变化。22 名美国大学生体育协会一级足球运动员（年龄：20.4±1.1 岁，身高：188.27±8.3cm，体重：115.8±29.7kg）自愿参加了这项研究。每位运动员都参加了夏季力量和体能监督计划。在季前赛训练开始前（T-1）、2 周后（T-2）以及第 2 场比赛后的第 1 天（T-3）、第 4 场比赛（T-4）、第 6 场比赛（T-5）和第 9 场比赛（T-6）时，采集休息时的血液样本。在每个时间点检测肌酸激酶、一组临床化学物质、皮质醇和睾酮。整个赛季 CK 浓度没有明显变化，每个范围的峰值均≤1070.0IU·L(-1)，但在第 9 场比赛（T-6）后观察到最大范围，为 119-2834IU·L(-1)。协方差分析表明，第 9 场比赛（T-6）中的比赛次数解释了 CK 变化的幅度。血清皮质醇浓度没有观察到变化，但每个范围的峰值仍然很大，均≤465.0nmol·L(-1)。临床化学物质在 T-1 时显示出各种显著变化，但在研究过程中，没有任何变化被认为对任何运动员有临床意义。总之，季前训练营前的力量和体能训练计划或夏令营训练的结构以及赛季中的力量和体能训练似乎减轻了肌肉损伤和皮质醇的应激反应。这些数据表明，整个赛季肌肉损伤和肾上腺皮质应激的变化很小，但可以观察到很大的个体差异。这些变量的管理似乎与最佳的力量和体能训练以及运动医学计划有关。因此，美国橄榄球运动中与学生运动员安全相关的更大关注点是预防猝死、创伤性损伤和管理脑震荡综合征。
