Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Exp Brain Res. 2013 Apr;225(4):579-88. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3398-8. Epub 2013 Jan 30.
Many actions involve multiple action steps, which raises the question how far ahead people plan when they perform such actions. Here, we examined higher-order planning for action sequences and whether people planned similarly or differently when acting individually or together with an action partner. For individual performances, participants picked up an object with one hand and passed it to their other hand before placing it onto a target location. For joint performances, they picked up the object and handed it to their action partner, who placed it onto the target location. Each object could be grasped at only two possible grasping positions, implying that the first selected grasp on the object determined the postures for the rest of the action sequence. By varying the height of the target shelf, we tested whether people planned ahead and modulated their grasp choices to avoid uncomfortable end postures. Our results indicated that participants engaged in higher-order planning, but needed task experience before demonstrating such planning during both individual and joint performances. The rate of learning was similar in the two conditions, and participants transferred experience from individual to joint performance. Our results indicate similarity in mechanisms underlying individual and joint action sequence planning.
许多动作涉及多个动作步骤，这就提出了一个问题，即人们在执行此类动作时会提前计划多远。在这里，我们研究了动作序列的高阶规划，以及当人们单独行动或与行动伙伴一起行动时，他们的计划是否相似或不同。对于个人表演，参与者用一只手拿起物体，然后将其传递到另一只手，再将其放在目标位置上。对于联合表演，他们拿起物体并将其递给他们的动作伙伴，然后由动作伙伴将其放在目标位置上。每个物体只能在两个可能的抓握位置上抓握，这意味着对物体的第一次选择抓握决定了整个动作序列的其余姿势。通过改变目标支架的高度，我们测试了人们是否提前计划并调整了他们的抓握选择，以避免不舒服的结束姿势。我们的结果表明，参与者进行了高阶规划，但在个人和联合表演中都需要任务经验才能展示这种规划。两种情况下的学习速度相似，参与者将经验从个人表演转移到联合表演。我们的结果表明，个体和联合动作序列规划的机制相似。
